Reference
Glossary
Canonical no-gi grappling terminology with mechanical definitions and direct links to the full technique pages. Aliases are cross-referenced so wrestling, BJJ, judo, and catch-wrestling names all resolve to the same canonical entry.
334 canonical terms 748 aliases indexed
A
66- Achilles Lock alias The straight ankle lock — Achilles lock — is the foundational lower limb submission. Legal in all major rulesets. Understanding Submission grappling reference.
- Achilles lock escape alias Straight ankle lock escape — boot defence, hide the heel, pommel the knee line, pull out to combat base. Foundational leg lock defence. Submission grappling reference.
- All-fours (partial) alias The transitional four-point position: both players' knees on the mat, both hands posted. The breakdown chain for the top Submission grappling reference.
- All-fours position (defensive) alias Turtle bottom — four-tier escape hierarchy and common defensive failures. Exit before seatbelt or headlock is established. Submission grappling reference.
- All-fours position escape alias Turtle escape techniques — Granby roll, sit-out, switch, Peterson roll, hip heist. Transitional position exit. Submission grappling reference.
- All-fours recovery alias Back escape to turtle — when face-out isn't available, belly-down and recover to turtle. Flattens the attacker's strangle threat, exits via all-fours posture. Submission grappling reference.
- Americana Americana — figure-four to the mat in external rotation. Inverse of the kimura. Primary submission from mount. Submission grappling reference.
- Anaconda Choke The anaconda choke: the arm threads under the near arm and under the far side of the neck — the reverse of the D'arce. Requires Submission grappling reference.
- Anaconda escape alias D’Arce and anaconda escape — clear the arm early, tight turtle, roll to back take counter, arm drag counter, stack and post. Submission grappling reference.
- Angled Ashi alias Diagonal ashi garami is a transitional leg entanglement position — the specific angle that makes the Z-lock hip submission Submission grappling reference.
- Ankle grab sweep alias Tripod sweep — opposing push-pull forces; one foot on the hip, one hand on the ankle, removing the opponent’s base. Submission grappling reference.
- Ankle Pick The ankle pick is a precision takedown — controlling one ankle and pulling it forward while the opponent's weight is on it. Submission grappling reference.
- Ankle pick takedown alias The ankle pick is a precision takedown — controlling one ankle and pulling it forward while the opponent's weight is on it. Submission grappling reference.
- Ankle ride alias The near ankle ride grips the bottom player's near ankle from turtle top, controlling the near leg to prevent standup and enable tilts and turns. A foundational leg-control top position in folkstyle.
- Ankle sweep alias The sickle sweep hooks the bottom player's leg behind the standing opponent's far ankle in a scything motion, pulling the ankle out while pushing the upper body. From seated and sitting guard.
- Anti-berimbolo alias Berimbolo defence — deny the hip rotation, counter the back-take chain, and convert the scramble into passing or leg entanglement opportunities. Submission grappling reference.
- Anti-inversion alias Inverted guard pass — deny the inversion, collapse the hips, and pass the transitional hub that feeds berimbolo and leg entanglement entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Anti-ushiro X alias Ushiro X pass — deny the hip inversion, close the inside space, and defeat the cross ashi / back take dilemma from reverse X guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Aoki Lock The Aoki lock attacks the medial knee through a specific reverse leg configuration from ashi garami. A compression and torsion Submission grappling reference.
- Arm crank alias Mir Lock — straight arm shoulder and elbow submission; arm extended then cranked to load both the elbow and shoulder. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm crush alias Inverted armbar — attacks the elbow in supination with the arm rotated so the elbow faces upward; the attacker's chest or shoulder is the fulcrum. Entries from half guard top and closed guard top.
- Arm crush (from side control) alias Cross-chest armbar — attacks the arm crossing the chest when opponent frames from side control. Compresses the elbow downward. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm Drag Arm drag — opponent’s arm used as a handle to redirect their body; pulling across the centreline exposes the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm drag from butterfly alias Butterfly arm drag — arm drag clears the near arm, exposing the back or creating a single leg angle. Back take or sweep. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm drag to back alias Arm drag — opponent’s arm used as a handle to redirect their body; pulling across the centreline exposes the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm harness alias Over-under back control — one arm over the shoulder (overhook), one arm under the armpit (underhook). Less immediate strangle Submission grappling reference.
- Arm lock alias Armbar — elbow hyperextension with hip as fulcrum, arm isolated from body. Connects to triangle and kimura via chain attacks. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm Pin alias Wrist ride — folkstyle base-disruption tool; pinning the opponent’s wrist to the mat exposes the back and prevents recovery. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm slicer alias The bicep slicer traps the arm against a forearm, shin, or knee fulcrum, crushing the bicep and brachialis to attack the elbow in flexion. Legal at advanced levels in no-gi competition.
- Arm Trap alias Power nelson — arms under armpits, hands behind the head. Shoulder blade pressure; legal and distinct from the full nelson. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm trap back control alias Straitjacket back control in no-gi: the opponent's near arm is trapped between the attacker's legs while back control is Submission grappling reference.
- Arm trap position alias Crucifix — near arm trapped between top player legs, far arm separately controlled. Both arms isolated; opponent cannot defend. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm trap triangle alias The anaconda choke: the arm threads under the near arm and under the far side of the neck — the reverse of the D'arce. Requires Submission grappling reference.
- Arm triangle alias Arm triangle (kata gatame) — near arm pressed against the opponent’s neck; attacking arm wraps to complete the blood choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm Triangle (Kata Gatame) Arm triangle (kata gatame) — near arm pressed against the opponent’s neck; attacking arm wraps to complete the blood choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm triangle choke alias Arm triangle (kata gatame) — near arm pressed against the opponent’s neck; attacking arm wraps to complete the blood choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm triangle defence from bottom alias Kata gatame bottom — defending head-and-arm control. Top player's shoulder driven into the neck with the defender's near arm trapped against their own throat; arm triangle is the primary finish.
- Arm Triangle Escape Arm triangle escape — hide the shoulder, turn into the attacker, step back the leg to prevent mount, fall off the far side. Head-and-arm choke defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm triangle pin alias Kata gatame from front headlock — chest pins near arm against neck; attacking arm over the neck completes the triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm triangle setup position alias Kata gatame — head-and-arm control for the arm triangle. Shoulder into neck, arm trapped; creates bilateral carotid compression. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm weave pass alias The leg weave pass threads the top player's arm between the opponent's legs to control the near leg from inside, creating a passing platform that limits hip escape. Vs half, Z-guard, and butterfly.
- Arm-across-face defence alias Gift wrap bottom — your own arm folded across your face and controlled from mount, neutralising a primary defensive tool. Defence is a race against the back take, not a pin escape.
- Arm-in back choke alias Leg-based strangle from back control — legs lock in a triangle figure-four around the neck and near arm. Distinct from the rear Submission grappling reference.
- Arm-in choke (no-gi) alias The Ezekiel choke in no-gi: the attacking arm is inserted under the opponent's chin, the gripping arm holds the wrist. The Submission grappling reference.
- Arm-In Guillotine Arm-in guillotine — near arm inside the choke; tighter vascular compression than the arm-out variant. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm-In Triangle Arm-in triangle — neck and one arm inside the triangle. The arm creates a barrier; tighter mechanics required for compression. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm-in triangle (from front headlock) alias The D'arce choke: arm-in triangle applied from the front headlock when the near arm is posted. The choking arm threads under Submission grappling reference.
- Arm-in triangle choke alias Arm-in triangle — neck and one arm inside the triangle. The arm creates a barrier; tighter mechanics required for compression. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm-out guillotine alias Guillotine — primary vascular choke from the front headlock. High-elbow finish from guard and standing. Submission grappling reference.
- Arm-trapped lateral position alias Crucifix bottom — near arm trapped between top player legs, bottom player on the side. Entry prevention is the primary defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Armbar Armbar — elbow hyperextension with hip as fulcrum, arm isolated from body. Connects to triangle and kimura via chain attacks. Submission grappling reference.
- Armbar bend counter alias The 3/4 armbar is the bent-arm counter to the standard armbar — entered when the opponent bends their arm to defend. Rather Submission grappling reference.
- Armbar Escape Armbar escape — grip fight, stack, elbow pummel, leg trap, hitchhiker. The hitchhiker is the canonical no-gi armbar escape. Submission grappling reference.
- Ashi back take alias SLX back take — from Single Leg X, invert toward the opponent’s back and take the seatbelt position. Submission grappling reference.
- Ashi dori garami escape alias Toe hold escape — deny the grip, straighten the knee, rotate the foot internally, stack and counter. Elevated-risk leg lock defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Ashi Garami Ashi garami (single leg X) — foundational leg entanglement; inside space prevents extraction and creates heel hook access. Submission grappling reference.
- Ashi garami ankle wrap alias Pato lock — ankle and lower leg compression from ashi garami and outside ashi via an arm wrap around the ankle. Same mechanical target as the tren lock, different entry path.
- Ashi Garami Finish alias The outside heel hook — primary submission from ashi garami and outside ashi. Loads medial knee structures through external Submission grappling reference.
- Ashi garami for the arm alias Omoplata — legs trap the arm and drive the shoulder into internal rotation. Positional use is on a separate page. Submission grappling reference.
- Ashi Garami Guard alias Single Leg X in the guard context — where ashi garami is established as a guard configuration before the entanglement is Submission grappling reference.
- Ashi hishigi alias Kneebar — hyperextends the knee by trapping the foot and driving the hip into the back of the knee. Legal in ADCC and EBI. Submission grappling reference.
- Ashi hishigi escape alias Heel hook escape — hide the heel, clear the knee line, mechanics for ashi, outside ashi, cross ashi. Tap at late-stage rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Ashi single leg alias SLX stand-up sweep — from Single Leg X, extend the inside hook to force the opponent up, then finish the takedown. Submission grappling reference.
- Asymmetric 50/50 alias 70/30 (80/20) — asymmetric leg entanglement where one player controls a larger share of the leg, creating heel hook advantage. Submission grappling reference.
- Athletic stance alias Standing — the default start of all grappling exchanges. Stance, base, and distance management determine what is available. Submission grappling reference.
- Attacking the turtle alias Turtle top — Jones attack hierarchy, back take pathways, crucifix entry, four-point breakdown. Attacking the turtled opponent. Submission grappling reference.
B
90- Back 50/50 alias Backside 50/50 — asymmetric 50/50 where one player has back exposure advantage; primary submission is the outside heel hook. Submission grappling reference.
- Back attack (turtle entry) alias Turtle top — Jones attack hierarchy, back take pathways, crucifix entry, four-point breakdown. Attacking the turtled opponent. Submission grappling reference.
- Back attack entry alias The transitional moment of first back access — before any grip system is established. The hub that connects every back take Submission grappling reference.
- Back body lock alias Rear body lock — both arms around the opponent’s torso from behind, hip-to-hip. Standing precursor to back take entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Back body triangle alias Leg-based strangle from back control — legs lock in a triangle figure-four around the neck and near arm. Distinct from the rear Submission grappling reference.
- Back Crucifix Back crucifix — behind the turtle with the near arm trapped. Kimura, triangle, and RNC available from this position. Submission grappling reference.
- Back Defence — Hand Fight Back hand-fight defence — chin tuck, two-on-one on the strangle wrist, elbow-to-hip control, palm shield against the jaw pry. The pre-RNC grip system that buys time for the full escape.
- Back Defence — Harness Harness back control escape — over-under (gable grip) is inert as a finish but robust as a hold. Force the RNC transition and defend it. Granby roll works against the over-arm side.
- Back Defence — Standing Standing back defence — piggyback/backpack escape. Hand-fight the standing RNC, controlled fall to disrupt hooks, wall-pin to crush the attacker's ribs, shoulder-roll to land on top.
- Back Defence — Turtle Recovery Back escape to turtle — when face-out isn't available, belly-down and recover to turtle. Flattens the attacker's strangle threat, exits via all-fours posture. Submission grappling reference.
- Back Exposure The transitional moment of first back access — before any grip system is established. The hub that connects every back take Submission grappling reference.
- Back mount grip alias Seatbelt back control — over-under grip with strangle hand over the shoulder, control hand under the armpit. Submission grappling reference.
- Back step alias Back step pass — near leg stepped backward to extract from top half guard or stalled knee cut. Creates the passing angle. Submission grappling reference.
- Back Step Pass Back step pass — near leg stepped backward to extract from top half guard or stalled knee cut. Creates the passing angle. Submission grappling reference.
- Back take alias The transitional moment of first back access — before any grip system is established. The hub that connects every back take Submission grappling reference.
- Back Take Entry Routes Back entries — every route into back control from standing, guard, top, and leg entanglements. Hub for the back attack system. Submission grappling reference.
- Back Triangle Leg-based strangle from back control — legs lock in a triangle figure-four around the neck and near arm. Distinct from the rear Submission grappling reference.
- Back X alias Ushiro X is an inverted X-guard position in which the bottom player faces the same direction as the opponent. The inversion Submission grappling reference.
- Back X defence alias Ushiro X pass — deny the hip inversion, close the inside space, and defeat the cross ashi / back take dilemma from reverse X guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Back-exposed mount bottom alias Technical mount bottom — defending the stepped-out mount. One foot posted beside the defender's hip, back take and arm triangle imminent; the defender is mid-turn between flat mount and back exposure.
- Back-facing guard alias Reverse guard is a facing-away guard position — the bottom player's back is toward the opponent. Provides direct outside ashi Submission grappling reference.
- Backpack Position Backpack position — chest-to-back back control without leg hooks. Double overhooks or seatbelt with no hooks set. Transitional or standing back control context. Submission grappling reference.
- Backpack RNC alias Standing RNC — rear naked choke applied from standing back control before hooks are established. Different technical demands from the ground RNC. Submission grappling reference.
- Backside 50/50 Backside 50/50 — asymmetric 50/50 where one player has back exposure advantage; primary submission is the outside heel hook. Submission grappling reference.
- Backside Fifty-Fifty alias Backside 50/50 — asymmetric 50/50 where one player has back exposure advantage; primary submission is the outside heel hook. Submission grappling reference.
- Balloon sweep alias The overhead sweep from closed guard in no-gi: using the passer's forward pressure against them to roll them overhead and come up on top.
- Banana Split The Banana Split is a hip and adductor submission applied from cross ashi / saddle / honey hole. One leg is pushed forward Submission grappling reference.
- Baratoplata Baratoplata — shoulder lock from omoplata-family positions; the shin or forearm lever rotates the shoulder against its range. Submission grappling reference.
- Barrel roll alias The Twister is a spinal rotation submission executed from the truck (crab ride) position. One leg hooks between the opponent's Submission grappling reference.
- Base and escape alias Sit-out and stand-up mechanics — highest-priority exit in the scramble hierarchy. Technical execution from bottom positions. Submission grappling reference.
- Base position alias Standing — the default start of all grappling exchanges. Stance, base, and distance management determine what is available. Submission grappling reference.
- Base up alias Wrestling up is the act of returning to a standing base from the turtle bottom position. It is the primary proactive escape Submission grappling reference.
- Baseball Bat Choke Baseball bat choke — cross-grip forearms against the neck with a torquing finish. Available from back, knee on belly, crucifix. Submission grappling reference.
- Baseball choke alias Baseball bat choke — cross-grip forearms against the neck with a torquing finish. Available from back, knee on belly, crucifix. Submission grappling reference.
- Basic butterfly sweep alias Butterfly hook sweep — underhook controls direction, hook elevates and tips the top player. Foundation of the butterfly system. Submission grappling reference.
- Basic half guard sweep alias Half lower leg sweep — from Z-guard or half guard, near-knee hook and underhook sweep. Ducking to defend opens the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Bear hug front alias The front body lock — both arms wrapped around the opponent's torso from the front — provides the highest level of positional Submission grappling reference.
- Behind-the-back knee bar alias Lateral knee bar — kneebar applied from back exposure or leg ride positions, where the attacker is positioned behind the opponent's leg. Mechanically distinct from the standard kneebar.
- Belly Down Back Mount Belly down back — both players prone; entered when opponent rolls from seated back. Opens heel hooks and cross ashi entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Belly-Down Outside Ashi alias Reverse guard in the entanglement context — facing away from the opponent with a leg captured. Outside heel hook and kneebar Submission grappling reference.
- Belly-to-back suplex alias The suplex lifts the opponent from a rear body lock and arches backward, throwing them overhead. A high-amplitude Greco-Roman throw with German, headlock, and belly-to-back variants.
- Belt grip alias Rear body lock — both arms around the opponent’s torso from behind, hip-to-hip. Standing precursor to back take entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Bent arm choke alias Garrot choke — wrist and bicep compress both carotids without a figure-four grip. Applied from back control and turtle. Submission grappling reference.
- Bent armbar alias The 3/4 armbar is the bent-arm counter to the standard armbar — entered when the opponent bends their arm to defend. Rather Submission grappling reference.
- Berimbolo Berimbolo — inverted rolling from De la Riva, RDLR, 50/50, seated guard. Exits to back control, crab ride, leg entanglements. Submission grappling reference.
- Berimbolo counter alias Berimbolo defence — deny the hip rotation, counter the back-take chain, and convert the scramble into passing or leg entanglement opportunities. Submission grappling reference.
- Berimbolo Defence Berimbolo defence — deny the hip rotation, counter the back-take chain, and convert the scramble into passing or leg entanglement opportunities. Submission grappling reference.
- Berimbolo from RDLR alias The RDLR back take in no-gi: from reverse de la riva, invert through the space under the opponent's hips and take the back. The Submission grappling reference.
- Bicep crush alias The bicep slicer traps the arm against a forearm, shin, or knee fulcrum, crushing the bicep and brachialis to attack the elbow in flexion. Legal at advanced levels in no-gi competition.
- Bicep Slicer The bicep slicer traps the arm against a forearm, shin, or knee fulcrum, crushing the bicep and brachialis to attack the elbow in flexion. Legal at advanced levels in no-gi competition.
- Bilateral Arm Control alias Power nelson — arms under armpits, hands behind the head. Shoulder blade pressure; legal and distinct from the full nelson. Submission grappling reference.
- Blast double alias Double leg — head at the hip, shoulder through both legs. Deepest level change of any takedown. Primary defence is the sprawl. Submission grappling reference.
- Body lock butterfly alias Butterfly sweep mechanics applied from octopus guard: combining the underhook and body-lock control with a butterfly hook lift to sweep the passer forward.
- Body lock from guard alias Clamp — deep overhook and body lock isolating one arm from guard. Platform for triangle, armbar, omoplata, kimura, leg locks. Submission grappling reference.
- Body Lock Pass The body lock pass in no-gi: wrapping both legs to eliminate hooks and drive through the guard. The primary answer to butterfly Submission grappling reference.
- Body scissors alias Body triangle — figure-four legs around the torso from back control. Removes the bridge, loads the ribs, compounds the strangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Body Triangle Body triangle — figure-four legs around the torso from back control. Removes the bridge, loads the ribs, compounds the strangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Body Triangle Defence Body triangle back control escape — bridge unavailable; lateral rotation toward the opponent is the primary exit. Submission grappling reference.
- Body-to-body contact alias Over-under clinch — overhook over the near shoulder, underhook under the far arm. Primary no-gi contact position. Submission grappling reference.
- Bottom of 100-kilo position alias North-south bottom — opponent facing the feet, weight on the chest. Kimura threat is immediate. Primary escape: bridge and hip. Submission grappling reference.
- Bottom of full mount alias Mount bottom — defending full mount, the highest-danger pin. Top player across the hips; preventing high mount is the priority. Submission grappling reference.
- Bottom of knee ride alias Knee on belly bottom — top knee into the abdomen. Instinctive push opens the armbar. Two-hand removal is the correct response. Submission grappling reference.
- Bottom of side mount alias The defensive view of side control — when the opponent has completed a pass and holds the pin. The most common situation Submission grappling reference.
- Bottom X alias X-guard controls one of the standing opponent's legs with both of the bottom player's legs in an X configuration. Hip elevation Submission grappling reference.
- Brabo alias The brabo choke in no-gi: a D'Arce variant entered from top guard or top half guard rather than from turtle. The attacker's arm Submission grappling reference.
- Brabo Choke The brabo choke in no-gi: a D'Arce variant entered from top guard or top half guard rather than from turtle. The attacker's arm Submission grappling reference.
- Breakdown position alias The transitional four-point position: both players' knees on the mat, both hands posted. The breakdown chain for the top Submission grappling reference.
- Buggy alias The buggy choke in no-gi: a self-defence roll executed from bottom mount or bottom side control that threads the attacker's own Submission grappling reference.
- Buggy Choke The buggy choke in no-gi: a self-defence roll executed from bottom mount or bottom side control that threads the attacker's own Submission grappling reference.
- Buggy Choke Escape How to escape the buggy choke — removing the leg from the choking configuration and the body positioning principles. An emerging area of the competitive canon.
- Buggy escape alias How to escape the buggy choke — removing the leg from the choking configuration and the body positioning principles. An emerging area of the competitive canon.
- Bulldog Choke Bulldog choke — both forearms under the chin from turtle top. Bilateral carotid compression; effective when the chin is exposed. Submission grappling reference.
- Bulldog Choke Escape Bulldog choke escape — chin tuck denies both arms the insertion window; strip one arm to break bilateral compression; turn to one side to eliminate the geometry. Submission grappling reference.
- Bulldog escape alias Bulldog choke escape — chin tuck denies both arms the insertion window; strip one arm to break bilateral compression; turn to one side to eliminate the geometry. Submission grappling reference.
- Bullfighter pass alias The toreando (bullfighter) pass in no-gi: controlling both shins and redirecting the legs to pass around to the side. The Submission grappling reference.
- Butt scoot guard alias Seated guard is the foundational open guard — feet active between the passer's knees, head up, hands ready to frame or attack. Submission grappling reference.
- Butt scooting alias Guard pulling is a deliberate strategic choice to initiate ground fighting from the bottom — not a failed takedown. The Submission grappling reference.
- Butterfly Arm Drag Sweep Butterfly arm drag — arm drag clears the near arm, exposing the back or creating a single leg angle. Back take or sweep. Submission grappling reference.
- Butterfly ashi entry alias Butterfly ashi — butterfly hook becomes ashi garami when top player steps in. Entry to the leg entanglement cluster. Submission grappling reference.
- Butterfly Ashi Garami Butterfly ashi — butterfly hook becomes ashi garami when top player steps in. Entry to the leg entanglement cluster. Submission grappling reference.
- Butterfly Guard Butterfly guard uses both hooks inside the opponent's thighs to elevate and destabilise a kneeling passer. The underhook Submission grappling reference.
- Butterfly half guard alias Half butterfly guard in no-gi: one leg trapped in the half guard configuration while the free leg inserts a butterfly hook Submission grappling reference.
- Butterfly Hook Break Butterfly hook break — kill the hook elevation, fold the knees down, pin a thigh to engage passing. Prerequisite for body-lock, knee-cut, and smash passes against butterfly guard.
- Butterfly hook neutralisation alias Butterfly hook break — kill the hook elevation, fold the knees down, pin a thigh to engage passing. Prerequisite for body-lock, knee-cut, and smash passes against butterfly guard.
- Butterfly Hook Sweep Butterfly hook sweep — underhook controls direction, hook elevates and tips the top player. Foundation of the butterfly system. Submission grappling reference.
- Butterfly hooks alias Butterfly guard uses both hooks inside the opponent's thighs to elevate and destabilise a kneeling passer. The underhook Submission grappling reference.
- Butterfly pass setup alias Butterfly hook break — kill the hook elevation, fold the knees down, pin a thigh to engage passing. Prerequisite for body-lock, knee-cut, and smash passes against butterfly guard.
- Butterfly Sumi Gaeshi Butterfly sumi — sacrifice throw from butterfly guard: backward fall, hook lift, chest connection. Weight drives the reversal. Submission grappling reference.
- Butterfly to ashi transition alias Butterfly ashi — butterfly hook becomes ashi garami when top player steps in. Entry to the leg entanglement cluster. Submission grappling reference.
- Butterfly top alias Top butterfly — low base requirement to manage hook exposure; passing frameworks from butterfly top. Submission grappling reference.
C
41- Calf crush alias Calf slicer — calf compressed against attacker’s bone; loads the knee through combined compression and rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Calf cutter alias Calf slicer — calf compressed against attacker’s bone; loads the knee through combined compression and rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Calf Slicer Calf slicer — calf compressed against attacker’s bone; loads the knee through combined compression and rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Can Opener The Can Opener is a cervical hyperflexion submission from inside the opponent's closed guard. Both hands grip the head and force it forward, loading the cervical spine. Legal in ADCC.
- Cement Mixer The cement mixer is a rotational wrestling turn where the top player grabs the far arm and near leg, creating a rotating cradle that rolls the bottom player continuously. A scramble turnaround.
- Chicken wing alias Chicken wing ride — the near arm is levered behind the opponent's own back, elbow bent upward behind the shoulder blade, maintaining turtle top control. A breakdown platform, not a submission.
- Chicken wing escape alias Kimura escape — elbow to body, thigh grip, walk the wall, kimura counter roll. Early connection prevents arm isolation. Submission grappling reference.
- Chicken Wing Ride Chicken wing ride — the near arm is levered behind the opponent's own back, elbow bent upward behind the shoulder blade, maintaining turtle top control. A breakdown platform, not a submission.
- Choi Bar Choi Bar — shoulder rotation submission; arm pulled across the body while the shoulder is externally rotated. From side control. Submission grappling reference.
- Clamp escape alias Clamp pass — recover posture against the overhook, defeat the closed guard lock, and disengage the submission platform. How to pass the clamp position. Submission grappling reference.
- Clamp Pass Clamp pass — recover posture against the overhook, defeat the closed guard lock, and disengage the submission platform. How to pass the clamp position. Submission grappling reference.
- Clamp Position Clamp — deep overhook and body lock isolating one arm from guard. Platform for triangle, armbar, omoplata, kimura, leg locks. Submission grappling reference.
- Claw The claw grip is a transitional upper body control from the folkstyle wrestling family. The curved-finger grip on the near Submission grappling reference.
- Claw Grip alias The claw grip is a transitional upper body control from the folkstyle wrestling family. The curved-finger grip on the near Submission grappling reference.
- Closed Guard Closed guard — legs locked around the top player’s waist, passing blocked until opened. Sweeps and submissions from bottom. Submission grappling reference.
- Closed Guard Break — Kneeling Kneeling closed guard break — open the closed guard without standing. Sit back onto heels, wedge elbow to far knee, push outward while keeping posture. Low-risk alternative to standing.
- Closed Guard Break — Standing Standing closed guard break — the primary method of opening a closed guard in no-gi. Post on the hips, stand with one knee up, and drop weight through the wedge to open the lock.
- Coil lock escape alias Omoplata escape — posture forward, forward roll, cartwheel over, step over the head. Shoulder defence from guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Collar tie alias The single collar tie — one hand on the back of the opponent's head — is the standard initial engagement position. It controls Submission grappling reference.
- Combat base passing alias Standing passer against an opponent lying on their back — closed guard, De la Riva, X-guard. Gravity-assisted pressure, leg stretching, and footwork around extended legs.
- Compression lock alias Calf slicer — calf compressed against attacker’s bone; loads the knee through combined compression and rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Control arm choke alias Short choke — rear strangle using the under-chin arm path. Primary option when chin tuck blocks the rear naked choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Counter Ashi alias Mutual ashi — also called criss-cross ashi — is the position where both players are in overlapping single-leg entanglements. Submission grappling reference.
- Cow hand alias Wristlock — radiocarpal joint attack via hyperextension or deviation. Shorter injury window; restricted in beginner contexts. Submission grappling reference.
- Crab Hook alias Truck (crab ride) — elevated control of one leg behind the turtled opponent; heel hook and back take access. Submission grappling reference.
- Crab Ride alias Truck (crab ride) — elevated control of one leg behind the turtled opponent; heel hook and back take access. Submission grappling reference.
- Crab Ride Hook alias Twister hook — one leg threaded between the opponent's legs to limit spinal rotation. Entry to the truck position. Submission grappling reference.
- Criss-Cross Ashi alias Mutual ashi — also called criss-cross ashi — is the position where both players are in overlapping single-leg entanglements. Submission grappling reference.
- Cross armlock alias Armbar — elbow hyperextension with hip as fulcrum, arm isolated from body. Connects to triangle and kimura via chain attacks. Submission grappling reference.
- Cross ashi calf slicer alias Mikey lock — calf compression applied from cross ashi / saddle, transitioning from inside heel hook attempts. Same mechanical target as the calf slicer but entered from a different position.
- Cross Ashi Garami Cross ashi garami — inside heel hook position: saddle, inside sankaku, honey hole. Hardest to escape; shortest injury timeline. Submission grappling reference.
- Cross scissors alias The side scissors sweep from closed guard: hip-escaping laterally to attack a perpendicular angle and sweep the passer with crossed-leg pressure.
- Cross side escape alias Side control escape techniques — hip escape, ghost escape, Granby roll, single leg escape, underhook recovery. Submission grappling reference.
- Cross-body alias Side control — chest-to-chest pin after a guard pass. Primary platform for kimura, arm triangle, D’Arce, and transitions. Submission grappling reference.
- Cross-Chest Armbar Cross-chest armbar — attacks the arm crossing the chest when opponent frames from side control. Compresses the elbow downward. Submission grappling reference.
- Cross-grip choke alias Baseball bat choke — cross-grip forearms against the neck with a torquing finish. Available from back, knee on belly, crucifix. Submission grappling reference.
- Crotch lift alias High crotch — between single and double leg: head at hip level, arm under the crotch. Converts to double leg or spins to back. Submission grappling reference.
- Crotch ripper alias The Banana Split is a hip and adductor submission applied from cross ashi / saddle / honey hole. One leg is pushed forward Submission grappling reference.
- Crucifix — Bottom Crucifix bottom — near arm trapped between top player legs, bottom player on the side. Entry prevention is the primary defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Crucifix — Top Crucifix — near arm trapped between top player legs, far arm separately controlled. Both arms isolated; opponent cannot defend. Submission grappling reference.
- Crucifix (from turtle) alias Back crucifix — behind the turtle with the near arm trapped. Kimura, triangle, and RNC available from this position. Submission grappling reference.
D
56- D-leg alias Double leg — head at the hip, shoulder through both legs. Deepest level change of any takedown. Primary defence is the sprawl. Submission grappling reference.
- D'Arce and Anaconda Escape D’Arce and anaconda escape — clear the arm early, tight turtle, roll to back take counter, arm drag counter, stack and post. Submission grappling reference.
- D'arce Choke The D'arce choke: arm-in triangle applied from the front headlock when the near arm is posted. The choking arm threads under Submission grappling reference.
- D'Arce escape alias D’Arce and anaconda escape — clear the arm early, tight turtle, roll to back take counter, arm drag counter, stack and post. Submission grappling reference.
- De ashi alias De ashi harai — lateral foot sweep at the moment of weight transfer. Too early or too late and the sweep fails. Submission grappling reference.
- De Ashi Harai De ashi harai — lateral foot sweep at the moment of weight transfer. Too early or too late and the sweep fails. Submission grappling reference.
- De La Riva Break De La Riva hook break — kill the hook by killing the foot-on-hip frame, defeat the sleeve/ankle grip, step back to clear the hook. Prerequisite for passing DLR guard. Submission grappling reference.
- De la Riva Guard De la Riva guard in no-gi: the DLR hook and shin grip as an entry platform to leg entanglements, tripod sweeps, and back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- De La Riva opening alias De La Riva hook break — kill the hook by killing the foot-on-hip frame, defeat the sleeve/ankle grip, step back to clear the hook. Prerequisite for passing DLR guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Deep half alias Deep half guard — bottom player scoops under, head near the far hip. Sweeps from underneath as the top player tries to flatten. Submission grappling reference.
- Deep half back entry alias Deep half back take — when the opponent posts forward to defend the sweep, the bottom player converts to the back take. Submission grappling reference.
- Deep Half Back Take Deep half back take — when the opponent posts forward to defend the sweep, the bottom player converts to the back take. Submission grappling reference.
- Deep half far leg recovery alias Waiter guard pass — recover the far leg from the under-hook, deny the sweep and leg entanglement entries, and pass the deep half variant. Submission grappling reference.
- Deep Half Guard Deep half guard — bottom player scoops under, head near the far hip. Sweeps from underneath as the top player tries to flatten. Submission grappling reference.
- Deep half guard bottom alias Deep half guard — bottom player scoops under, head near the far hip. Sweeps from underneath as the top player tries to flatten. Submission grappling reference.
- Deep half roll alias The deep half sweep in no-gi: from deep half guard, secure the hip underhook and roll the opponent over the top to mount. The Submission grappling reference.
- Deep Half Sweep The deep half sweep in no-gi: from deep half guard, secure the hip underhook and roll the opponent over the top to mount. The Submission grappling reference.
- Deep overhook pass alias Octopus guard pass — strip the deep overhook, recover posture, flatten or backstep to pass. How to deal with the seated overhook back-take platform. Submission grappling reference.
- Defensive sprawl alias Sprawl — primary takedown defence: hips down, legs behind the attacker. Creates front headlock for guillotines and anacondas. Submission grappling reference.
- Defensive turtle alias Turtle bottom — four-tier escape hierarchy and common defensive failures. Exit before seatbelt or headlock is established. Submission grappling reference.
- DH guard alias Deep half guard — bottom player scoops under, head near the far hip. Sweeps from underneath as the top player tries to flatten. Submission grappling reference.
- Diagonal Ashi Garami Diagonal ashi garami is a transitional leg entanglement position — the specific angle that makes the Z-lock hip submission Submission grappling reference.
- Diagonal Entanglement alias Diagonal ashi garami is a transitional leg entanglement position — the specific angle that makes the Z-lock hip submission Submission grappling reference.
- DLR alias De la Riva guard in no-gi: the DLR hook and shin grip as an entry platform to leg entanglements, tripod sweeps, and back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- DLR disengagement alias De La Riva hook break — kill the hook by killing the foot-on-hip frame, defeat the sleeve/ankle grip, step back to clear the hook. Prerequisite for passing DLR guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Dog fight alias The dogfight is the neutral kneeling scramble that arises from half guard when both players are fighting for the underhook. Submission grappling reference.
- Dogfight The dogfight is the neutral kneeling scramble that arises from half guard when both players are fighting for the underhook. Submission grappling reference.
- Domplata The domplata slides one shin across the opponent's throat from mount while trapping their arm, creating a combined throat compression and shoulder lock. Niche mount submission from 10th Planet.
- Domplata — Bottom Domplata bottom — defending the shin-to-throat compression from mount with one arm trapped. Defence is pre-emptive (deny the arm isolation) or immediate (tap on first throat pressure).
- Double berimbolo alias Berimbolo defence — deny the hip rotation, counter the back-take chain, and convert the scramble into passing or leg entanglement opportunities. Submission grappling reference.
- Double berimbolo (the chain variant) alias Berimbolo — inverted rolling from De la Riva, RDLR, 50/50, seated guard. Exits to back control, crab ride, leg entanglements. Submission grappling reference.
- Double butterfly alias Butterfly guard uses both hooks inside the opponent's thighs to elevate and destabilise a kneeling passer. The underhook Submission grappling reference.
- Double collar alias The double collar tie — both hands on the back of the opponent's neck — creates the clinch snap and the hip throw entry. The Submission grappling reference.
- Double Collar Tie The double collar tie — both hands on the back of the opponent's neck — creates the clinch snap and the hip throw entry. The Submission grappling reference.
- Double inside position alias Double underhooks give the most hip control of any clinch position — both arms under the opponent's, both hips accessible. The Submission grappling reference.
- Double Leg Entry Double leg — head at the hip, shoulder through both legs. Deepest level change of any takedown. Primary defence is the sprawl. Submission grappling reference.
- Double leg takedown alias Double leg — head at the hip, shoulder through both legs. Deepest level change of any takedown. Primary defence is the sprawl. Submission grappling reference.
- Double leg wrap pass alias The body lock pass in no-gi: wrapping both legs to eliminate hooks and drive through the guard. The primary answer to butterfly Submission grappling reference.
- Double neck tie alias The double collar tie — both hands on the back of the opponent's neck — creates the clinch snap and the hip throw entry. The Submission grappling reference.
- Double overhooks back control alias Backpack position — chest-to-back back control without leg hooks. Double overhooks or seatbelt with no hooks set. Transitional or standing back control context. Submission grappling reference.
- Double shin guard alias Double shin guard sweep in no-gi: controlling both shins to disrupt posture and force a sweep or leg entanglement. Covers Submission grappling reference.
- Double Shin Guard Sweep Double shin guard sweep in no-gi: controlling both shins to disrupt posture and force a sweep or leg entanglement. Covers Submission grappling reference.
- Double under alias Double underhooks give the most hip control of any clinch position — both arms under the opponent's, both hips accessible. The Submission grappling reference.
- Double Under Pass Double under pass — both arms under the bottom player’s legs; stack upright, cartwheel or dump to complete. Submission grappling reference.
- Double under stack alias Double under pass — both arms under the bottom player’s legs; stack upright, cartwheel or dump to complete. Submission grappling reference.
- Double underchin choke alias Bulldog choke — both forearms under the chin from turtle top. Bilateral carotid compression; effective when the chin is exposed. Submission grappling reference.
- Double Underhooks Double underhooks give the most hip control of any clinch position — both arms under the opponent's, both hips accessible. The Submission grappling reference.
- Double wristlock alias Kimura — figure-four shoulder lock in internal rotation and extension. The submission finish of the system; powers back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Double-leg tie-up alias The front body lock — both arms wrapped around the opponent's torso from the front — provides the highest level of positional Submission grappling reference.
- Double-wrist lock control alias Kimura control — figure-four grip used positionally. From this grip: back take, turtle control, mount, or submission chain. Submission grappling reference.
- Double-wrist lock escape alias Kimura escape — elbow to body, thigh grip, walk the wall, kimura counter roll. Early connection prevents arm isolation. Submission grappling reference.
- Doubles alias Double leg — head at the hip, shoulder through both legs. Deepest level change of any takedown. Primary defence is the sprawl. Submission grappling reference.
- Drag sweep alias Butterfly arm drag — arm drag clears the near arm, exposing the back or creating a single leg angle. Back take or sweep. Submission grappling reference.
- Drop Seoi Nage alias Ippon Seoi Nage — single shoulder throw; drop variant most used in no-gi competition. Arm over shoulder, hip and back rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Duck Under The duck under dips the head under the opponent's near arm and emerges on their far side, converting a front clinch into rear or side body control. A fundamental wrestling back-take from a tie-up.
- Duck-under back take from half guard alias Half scorpion back take — top player ducks and drives hips up to defend the sweep, exposing the back for the bottom player. Submission grappling reference.
E
10- Eighty-Twenty alias 70/30 (80/20) — asymmetric leg entanglement where one player controls a larger share of the leg, creating heel hook advantage. Submission grappling reference.
- Electric Chair Electric chair — from deep half, far leg captured and extended to stretch the inner thigh. Categorised in the kimura system. Submission grappling reference.
- Electric Chair Sweep Electric chair sweep — extends the top player's far leg outward from the lockdown in half guard, levering them over their own trapped leg. Distinct from the electric chair submission (groin stretch).
- Elevated Leg Ride alias Shelf — leg ride variant with the near leg lifted across the top player’s thigh, exposing the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Elevator sweep alias Butterfly hook sweep — underhook controls direction, hook elevates and tips the top player. Foundation of the butterfly system. Submission grappling reference.
- Entanglement alias Ashi garami (single leg X) — foundational leg entanglement; inside space prevents extraction and creates heel hook access. Submission grappling reference.
- Estima Lock The Estima lock is a rapid foot and ankle submission using a rear-naked-choke-style grip on the foot, finished by driving the foot into the attacker's own body. Distinct from the toe hold.
- Ezekiel choke alias The Ezekiel choke in no-gi: the attacking arm is inserted under the opponent's chin, the gripping arm holds the wrist. The Submission grappling reference.
- Ezekiel Choke (No-Gi) The Ezekiel choke in no-gi: the attacking arm is inserted under the opponent's chin, the gripping arm holds the wrist. The Submission grappling reference.
- Ezekiel Choke Escape Ezekiel choke escape (no-gi) — chin tuck before the insertion, peel the inserting arm's wrist, turn into the elbow side, bridge and recover. Submission grappling reference.
F
52- Face-down back alias Belly down back — both players prone; entered when opponent rolls from seated back. Opens heel hooks and cross ashi entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Facing octopus guard alias Octopus top — passer's view against octopus guard. Back take and kosoto sweep are the threats. Near hip away is the defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Facing-Away Entanglement alias Reverse guard in the entanglement context — facing away from the opponent with a leg captured. Outside heel hook and kneebar Submission grappling reference.
- Facing-away guard alias Reverse guard is a facing-away guard position — the bottom player's back is toward the opponent. Provides direct outside ashi Submission grappling reference.
- False Reap False reap — outside leg threads across the near leg, mirror of the reap. Access to ashi, outside ashi, cross ashi, and 50/50. Submission grappling reference.
- Far ankle sweep alias The lumberjack sweep grabs the top player's far ankle from half guard or seated guard while creating a lateral tipping force, sweeping the top player over their far leg.
- Far leg control alias Waiter position — deep half guard variant; far leg underhook creates sweep leverage and back take entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Far leg sweep alias Half waiter sweep — far leg lifted to remove the top player’s base, then hip escape to come on top. From waiter position. Submission grappling reference.
- Far-side triangle alias Opposite triangle — catches the far arm. Available when standard entry is blocked but the far arm creates the geometry. Submission grappling reference.
- Fifty-Fifty alias The 50/50 is the symmetric leg entanglement — both players have equal structural access to each other's heel. Understanding Submission grappling reference.
- Figure-four (top version) alias Americana — figure-four to the mat in external rotation. Inverse of the kimura. Primary submission from mount. Submission grappling reference.
- Figure-four armlock alias Kimura — figure-four shoulder lock in internal rotation and extension. The submission finish of the system; powers back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Figure-Four Footlock alias The toe hold attacks the foot and ankle through rotation. Available from multiple leg entanglement positions. Restricted in some competitive formats.
- Figure-four half guard alias Lockdown — half guard with the top leg in a figure-four. Controls mobility; foundation of dogfight and electric chair. Submission grappling reference.
- Figure-four half guard pass alias Lockdown pass — defeat the figure-four calf hook, recover the trapped leg, and pass the half guard. How to escape and pass the lockdown position. Submission grappling reference.
- Figure-four leg lock alias Body triangle — figure-four legs around the torso from back control. Removes the bridge, loads the ribs, compounds the strangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Figure-four with legs alias Omoplata — legs trap the arm and drive the shoulder into internal rotation. Positional use is on a separate page. Submission grappling reference.
- Fireman's Carry Fireman's carry — drops under the arm and through the legs to load the opponent across the shoulders. Shoulder is the fulcrum. Submission grappling reference.
- Flat-back passing context alias Standing passer against an opponent lying on their back — closed guard, De la Riva, X-guard. Gravity-assisted pressure, leg stretching, and footwork around extended legs.
- Flattening the seated player alias Seated guard engagement — first-contact actions that convert a live seated guard into a passable supine guard. Closing distance, hand-fighting, denying butterfly hooks, flattening the bottom.
- Floor guard alias Supine guard — lying on the back with feet active, used as a transitional state to reach seated guard or leg entanglement entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Flower sweep alias The pendulum sweep from closed guard: trapping the arm and driving the leg to rotate the passer. The fundamental closed guard Submission grappling reference.
- Flying Armbar Flying armbar — standing-to-submission attack; jumping directly to an armbar lock. The highest-risk standing entry. Submission grappling reference.
- Flying juji gatame alias Flying armbar — standing-to-submission attack; jumping directly to an armbar lock. The highest-risk standing entry. Submission grappling reference.
- Flying sankaku alias Flying triangle — jumping from standing to lock a triangle choke. Elevated risk; precise timing required. Submission grappling reference.
- Flying scissors alias Kani Basami — scissors takedown. Sacrifice technique with elevated knee injury risk. Elite-level timing and angle requirement. Heavily ruleset-restricted. Submission grappling reference.
- Flying Triangle Flying triangle — jumping from standing to lock a triangle choke. Elevated risk; precise timing required. Submission grappling reference.
- Folding guard pass alias The folding pass pins the opponent's knees to their chest and folds the legs to one side, removing framing and clearing the path to side control. Applied against half guard and closed guard.
- Folding Pass The folding pass pins the opponent's knees to their chest and folds the legs to one side, removing framing and clearing the path to side control. Applied against half guard and closed guard.
- Foot choke alias The Gogoplata is a choke applied by pressing the shin or instep into the opponent's throat from the high guard position. The Submission grappling reference.
- Foot lift sweep alias Tripod sweep — opposing push-pull forces; one foot on the hip, one hand on the ankle, removing the opponent’s base. Submission grappling reference.
- Foot sweep from bottom alias The irimi ashi sweep: stepping into the opponent's space while controlling a leg to unbalance and force the sweep. A Submission grappling reference.
- Footlock alias The straight ankle lock — Achilles lock — is the foundational lower limb submission. Legal in all major rulesets. Understanding Submission grappling reference.
- Forearm heel hook alias Junny lock — inside heel hook variant using a wrist and forearm wrap that creates a different lever geometry on the knee. Applied from ashi garami and outside ashi. Submission grappling reference.
- Forward foot sweep alias De ashi harai — lateral foot sweep at the moment of weight transfer. Too early or too late and the sweep fails. Submission grappling reference.
- Four-point alias The transitional four-point position: both players' knees on the mat, both hands posted. The breakdown chain for the top Submission grappling reference.
- Four-Point Position The transitional four-point position: both players' knees on the mat, both hands posted. The breakdown chain for the top Submission grappling reference.
- Front Body Lock The front body lock — both arms wrapped around the opponent's torso from the front — provides the highest level of positional Submission grappling reference.
- Front bodylock alias The front body lock — both arms wrapped around the opponent's torso from the front — provides the highest level of positional Submission grappling reference.
- Front headlock alias Front headlock ground control — cervical spine control that leads the body. Primary platform for guillotine, D’Arce, anaconda. Submission grappling reference.
- Front Headlock — Ground Control Front headlock ground control — cervical spine control that leads the body. Primary platform for guillotine, D’Arce, anaconda. Submission grappling reference.
- Front Headlock — Standing The standing front headlock: head-and-arm control from the upright position. The clinch-level position that precedes the ground Submission grappling reference.
- Front headlock choke alias Guillotine — primary vascular choke from the front headlock. High-elbow finish from guard and standing. Submission grappling reference.
- Front headlock choke with leg assist alias Peruvian Necktie — front headlock choke using one leg to assist the choking arm. Triangle compression against the neck. Submission grappling reference.
- Front headlock clinch alias The standing front headlock: head-and-arm control from the upright position. The clinch-level position that precedes the ground Submission grappling reference.
- Front tren lock alias Pato lock — ankle and lower leg compression from ashi garami and outside ashi via an arm wrap around the ankle. Same mechanical target as the tren lock, different entry path.
- Front triangle alias Reverse triangle (hantaisankaku) — leg crosses the front of the neck from the opposite direction. Available from north-south. Submission grappling reference.
- Front-headlock choke escape alias Guillotine escape — posture, side step pass, chin tuck, roll through, arm-in escape. Side step pass is the canonical escape. Submission grappling reference.
- Full guard alias Closed guard — legs locked around the top player’s waist, passing blocked until opened. Sweeps and submissions from bottom. Submission grappling reference.
- Full mount alias The mount is the highest-percentage finishing position in top grappling. The top player sits on the opponent's torso Submission grappling reference.
- Full mount escape alias Mount escape — trap and roll, elbow-knee, ghost, kipping, foot drag, bridge to turtle. Written from the defender's perspective. Submission grappling reference.
- Fundamental Escape Movements Escape movements — bridge, shrimp, Granby roll, sit-out, stand-up, kipping. All named escapes are built from these six. Submission grappling reference.
G
21- Game Over Game Over (Z-lock, Leg Knot) — an entanglement in which the attacker controls both of the opponent's legs in a crossed configuration. Immediate heel hook and toe hold access.
- Garrot Choke Garrot choke — wrist and bicep compress both carotids without a figure-four grip. Applied from back control and turtle. Submission grappling reference.
- Garrote choke alias Garrot choke — wrist and bicep compress both carotids without a figure-four grip. Applied from back control and turtle. Submission grappling reference.
- German suplex alias The suplex lifts the opponent from a rear body lock and arches backward, throwing them overhead. A high-amplitude Greco-Roman throw with German, headlock, and belly-to-back variants.
- Gift Wrap Gift wrap — the opponent's arm is taken from mount or side control and folded across their own face and neck. A one-arm control that opens back takes, arm triangles, and rear naked choke setups.
- Gift Wrap — Bottom Gift wrap bottom — your own arm folded across your face and controlled from mount, neutralising a primary defensive tool. Defence is a race against the back take, not a pin escape.
- Go Behind The go behind is a standing position change from a front or side position to a full rear position, stepping or spinning around the opponent's side. Foundation for standing back takes and body locks.
- Gogoplata The Gogoplata is a choke applied by pressing the shin or instep into the opponent's throat from the high guard position. The Submission grappling reference.
- Granby alias The Granby roll is a defensive rolling escape from turtle or referee's position bottom — roll across one shoulder while threading a leg through, creating a 180-degree reversal to guard or a scramble.
- Granby back take alias Kiss of the Dragon — Granby roll under the opponent from turtle bottom to expose the back. Direct back take entry. Submission grappling reference.
- Granby Roll The Granby roll is a defensive rolling escape from turtle or referee's position bottom — roll across one shoulder while threading a leg through, creating a 180-degree reversal to guard or a scramble.
- Grasshopper Guard Grasshopper guard — the bottom player lies on their side, one leg controlling the opponent's near leg from outside (like a grasshopper's leg). Creates leg entanglement entries and back take access.
- Guard D'Arce alias The brabo choke in no-gi: a D'Arce variant entered from top guard or top half guard rather than from turtle. The attacker's arm Submission grappling reference.
- Guard Pull Guard pulling is a deliberate strategic choice to initiate ground fighting from the bottom — not a failed takedown. The Submission grappling reference.
- Guard Retention Guard retention in no-gi: the universal principles for keeping guard when the passer is threatening. Covers the three-stage Submission grappling reference.
- Guillotine (High-Elbow) Guillotine — primary vascular choke from the front headlock. High-elbow finish from guard and standing. Submission grappling reference.
- Guillotine choke alias Guillotine — primary vascular choke from the front headlock. High-elbow finish from guard and standing. Submission grappling reference.
- Guillotine counter choke alias The Von Flue choke is a counter submission applied when the opponent attempts an arm-in guillotine from the bottom. The top Submission grappling reference.
- Guillotine Escape Guillotine escape — posture, side step pass, chin tuck, roll through, arm-in escape. Side step pass is the canonical escape. Submission grappling reference.
- Gyaku Ashi Garami alias The Aoki lock attacks the medial knee through a specific reverse leg configuration from ashi garami. A compression and torsion Submission grappling reference.
- Gyaku Ude Garami alias Kimura — figure-four shoulder lock in internal rotation and extension. The submission finish of the system; powers back takes. Submission grappling reference.
H
88- Hadaka Jime alias The primary submission from back control. Bilateral carotid compression applied from the seatbelt or body triangle. The most Submission grappling reference.
- Hadaka jime escape alias Rear naked choke escape — chin tuck, grip fight, seat drop, strong-side turn, Peterson roll. Prevention is the primary defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Half alias Half guard — trapping one of the top player's legs. One side of the foot line conceded; underhook battle determines the outcome. Submission grappling reference.
- Half butterfly alias Butterfly guard uses both hooks inside the opponent's thighs to elevate and destabilise a kneeling passer. The underhook Submission grappling reference.
- Half Butterfly Guard Half butterfly guard in no-gi: one leg trapped in the half guard configuration while the free leg inserts a butterfly hook Submission grappling reference.
- Half butterfly hook kill alias Half butterfly pass — kill the butterfly hook, flatten the bottom player, and pass the hybrid half guard. How to defeat the half butterfly position. Submission grappling reference.
- Half Butterfly Pass Half butterfly pass — kill the butterfly hook, flatten the bottom player, and pass the hybrid half guard. How to defeat the half butterfly position. Submission grappling reference.
- Half guard alias Half guard — trapping one of the top player's legs. One side of the foot line conceded; underhook battle determines the outcome. Submission grappling reference.
- Half Guard — Bottom Half guard — trapping one of the top player's legs. One side of the foot line conceded; underhook battle determines the outcome. Submission grappling reference.
- Half guard back take alias Half scorpion back take — top player ducks and drives hips up to defend the sweep, exposing the back for the bottom player. Submission grappling reference.
- Half guard butterfly alias Half butterfly guard in no-gi: one leg trapped in the half guard configuration while the free leg inserts a butterfly hook Submission grappling reference.
- Half guard knee hook sweep alias Half scorpion sweep — near knee hook and underhook tip the top player to side control. Back take opens when top player ducks. Submission grappling reference.
- Half Guard Pass Half guard passing in no-gi — extracting a trapped leg from half guard. Flatten the bottom, win the whizzer-underhook fight, then branch to smash, knee-cut, back-step, or leg-drag.
- Half guard passing alias Half guard passing in no-gi — extracting a trapped leg from half guard. Flatten the bottom, win the whizzer-underhook fight, then branch to smash, knee-cut, back-step, or leg-drag.
- Half-guard shield break alias Knee shield break — neutralise the Z-guard / half-guard shield by crushing, stepping over, or pummelling under the blocking knee. Required for passing any shield-style half guard.
- Half-knee position alias Headquarters is the kneeling top position between passing and control — one knee up, one knee down beside the opponent's hip. Submission grappling reference.
- Half-mounted alias Quarter mount bottom — defending the 45-degree transitional mount before it consolidates to flat mount or converts to kimura. The defensive window is short; the framing elbow is your only tool.
- Half-pass position alias Top half guard — underhook battle and flattening mechanics; passing options: back step, knee cut, and toreando. Submission grappling reference.
- Half-turned mount alias Technical mount bottom — defending the stepped-out mount. One foot posted beside the defender's hip, back take and arm triangle imminent; the defender is mid-turn between flat mount and back exposure.
- Hammerlock The hammerlock folds the opponent's arm behind their back, attacking the shoulder via internal rotation and extension. Applied from side control and back control when the arm is exposed.
- Hand-fight pass alias Seated guard engagement — first-contact actions that convert a live seated guard into a passable supine guard. Closing distance, hand-fighting, denying butterfly hooks, flattening the bottom.
- Hantaisankaku alias Reverse triangle (hantaisankaku) — leg crosses the front of the neck from the opposite direction. Available from north-south. Submission grappling reference.
- Harai Goshi Harai Goshi — sweeping hip throw; full hip insertion with outer thigh/hip sweep. Companion to Uchi Mata; similar entries, different leg target. Submission grappling reference.
- Harness Control Over-under back control — one arm over the shoulder (overhook), one arm under the armpit (underhook). Less immediate strangle Submission grappling reference.
- Harness defence alias Back escape from seatbelt — chin tuck, hook removal, hip turn, face the opponent. Three-step system with staged defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Head and arm pin bottom alias Kata gatame bottom — defending head-and-arm control. Top player's shoulder driven into the neck with the defender's near arm trapped against their own throat; arm triangle is the primary finish.
- Head and arm triangle (leg variant) alias Arm-in triangle — neck and one arm inside the triangle. The arm creates a barrier; tighter mechanics required for compression. Submission grappling reference.
- Head arm choke setup alias Gift wrap — the opponent's arm is taken from mount or side control and folded across their own face and neck. A one-arm control that opens back takes, arm triangles, and rear naked choke setups.
- Head crank alias The Can Opener is a cervical hyperflexion submission from inside the opponent's closed guard. Both hands grip the head and force it forward, loading the cervical spine. Legal in ADCC.
- Head down position alias Standing front headlock — after a snap down; guillotine, D’Arce, and back take entries before the opponent recovers. Submission grappling reference.
- Head snap alias The snap down pulls the opponent's head sharply downward from a collar tie or head control, forcing them to turtle or four-point. A foundational setup for front headlock and back control entries.
- Head tie alias The single collar tie — one hand on the back of the opponent's head — is the standard initial engagement position. It controls Submission grappling reference.
- Head-and-arm (standing) alias The standing front headlock: head-and-arm control from the upright position. The clinch-level position that precedes the ground Submission grappling reference.
- Head-and-arm choke alias Arm triangle (kata gatame) — near arm pressed against the opponent’s neck; attacking arm wraps to complete the blood choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Head-and-arm choke escape alias Arm triangle escape — hide the shoulder, turn into the attacker, step back the leg to prevent mount, fall off the far side. Head-and-arm choke defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Head-and-arm control alias Front headlock ground control — cervical spine control that leads the body. Primary platform for guillotine, D’Arce, anaconda. Submission grappling reference.
- Head-and-arm hold alias Kata gatame from front headlock — chest pins near arm against neck; attacking arm over the neck completes the triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Head-and-far-arm control alias Pinch headlock — underhook at the elbow with head pulled tight. Threatens sumi gaeshi, back take, and leg entanglement entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Head-to-foot position alias North-south is an underutilised control position where the top player is chest-to-chest with the opponent but facing the feet. Submission grappling reference.
- Head-to-head bottom alias North-south bottom — opponent facing the feet, weight on the chest. Kimura threat is immediate. Primary escape: bridge and hip. Submission grappling reference.
- Head-to-head escape alias North-south escape techniques — hip escape, Granby roll to deep half, arm drag counter, sit-up scramble. Early movement is key. Submission grappling reference.
- Headlock control alias Kesa gatame — hip-seated position securing head and near arm. Weight distribution and arm structure are the control mechanism. Submission grappling reference.
- Headlock Ride alias Turk — folkstyle control under the near arm and around the neck. Kimura is the primary submission; flattening is the objective. Submission grappling reference.
- Headlock-front-choke escape alias Bulldog choke escape — chin tuck denies both arms the insertion window; strip one arm to break bilateral compression; turn to one side to eliminate the geometry. Submission grappling reference.
- Headquarters (HQ) Headquarters is the kneeling top position between passing and control — one knee up, one knee down beside the opponent's hip. Submission grappling reference.
- Heel Hook Escape Heel hook escape — hide the heel, clear the knee line, mechanics for ashi, outside ashi, cross ashi. Tap at late-stage rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Heist Sweep Heist sweep — from X-guard; hip-under entry and leg-lift finish disrupts the opponent’s base. Submission grappling reference.
- High closed guard alias High guard — closed guard variant with elevated hips and legs riding high. Primary platform for triangle and armbar entries. Submission grappling reference.
- High closed guard pass alias High guard pass — defeat the elevated closed guard with legs high on the back, strip the meathook arm control, and escape the triangle-omoplata-armbar platform. Submission grappling reference.
- High Crotch High crotch — between single and double leg: head at hip level, arm under the crotch. Converts to double leg or spins to back. Submission grappling reference.
- High elbow choke alias High elbow guillotine — elbow points upward alongside the head. Different mechanical action; enables a seated guard finish. Submission grappling reference.
- High Elbow Guillotine High elbow guillotine — elbow points upward alongside the head. Different mechanical action; enables a seated guard finish. Submission grappling reference.
- High Elbow Guillotine Escape High elbow guillotine escape — chin tuck alone is not enough; shoulder-to-ear denies the carotid angle, clear the elbow to break the grip, step through from guard.
- High Guard / Meathook High guard — closed guard variant with elevated hips and legs riding high. Primary platform for triangle and armbar entries. Submission grappling reference.
- High guard half alias Z-guard (knee shield) — elevated knee frame against the hip; underhook battle and exits to scorpion, butterfly, back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- High Guard Pass High guard pass — defeat the elevated closed guard with legs high on the back, strip the meathook arm control, and escape the triangle-omoplata-armbar platform. Submission grappling reference.
- High mount escape alias S-mount escape — hide the elbow, stack the fall-back, hitchhiker escape, stuff-and-spin. Arm protection is the primary priority because the arm is already isolated. Submission grappling reference.
- High single alias Single leg — penetration step to the outside of the near leg; shoulder drives through to complete the takedown. Submission grappling reference.
- High Step Pass High step pass — lifts the near foot high over the opponent's near leg and steps it to the far side, creating a sudden angle change that bypasses hook-based guards. Applied vs butterfly and X-guard.
- High-C alias High crotch — between single and double leg: head at hip level, arm under the crotch. Converts to double leg or spins to back. Submission grappling reference.
- High-elbow arm-in alias Arm-in guillotine — near arm inside the choke; tighter vascular compression than the arm-out variant. Submission grappling reference.
- High-elbow front choke escape alias High elbow guillotine escape — chin tuck alone is not enough; shoulder-to-ear denies the carotid angle, clear the elbow to break the grip, step through from guard.
- Hip Bump Sweep Hip bump sweep — sit-up, wrist control, and hip explosion from closed guard. Creates immediate sweep or kimura entry. Submission grappling reference.
- Hip dump sweep alias Half lower leg sweep — from Z-guard or half guard, near-knee hook and underhook sweep. Ducking to defend opens the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Hip escape sweep alias The pendulum sweep from closed guard: trapping the arm and driving the leg to rotate the passer. The fundamental closed guard Submission grappling reference.
- Hip lock alias The Z-lock is a hip submission — the only submission in the lower limb system that targets the hip joint rather than the knee Submission grappling reference.
- Hip Ride alias Shelf — leg ride variant with the near leg lifted across the top player’s thigh, exposing the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Hip slicer alias The Z-lock is a hip submission — the only submission in the lower limb system that targets the hip joint rather than the knee Submission grappling reference.
- Hip sprawl alias Sprawl — defensive hip-weight transfer against single- and double-leg shots. Entry to the front headlock family. Leads to ground control, guillotine, D'arce, and anaconda.
- Hip stretch from deep half alias Electric chair — from deep half, far leg captured and extended to stretch the inner thigh. Categorised in the kimura system. Submission grappling reference.
- Hip throw alias Hip throw — attacker turns in, places hip inside the opponent's, loads them over the fulcrum. O-goshi, Mune-nage, and variants. Submission grappling reference.
- Hip Throw Family Hip throw — attacker turns in, places hip inside the opponent's, loads them over the fulcrum. O-goshi, Mune-nage, and variants. Submission grappling reference.
- Hip throw from guard alias Hip bump sweep — sit-up, wrist control, and hip explosion from closed guard. Creates immediate sweep or kimura entry. Submission grappling reference.
- Hip under sweep alias Heist sweep — from X-guard; hip-under entry and leg-lift finish disrupts the opponent’s base. Submission grappling reference.
- Hip-out side control alias Kesa gatame — hip-seated position securing head and near arm. Weight distribution and arm structure are the control mechanism. Submission grappling reference.
- Hip-to-hip pass alias Leg drag pass — one leg controlled and dragged across the body to create a passing angle. Primary pass from open guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Hips-back defence alias Sprawl — defensive hip-weight transfer against single- and double-leg shots. Entry to the front headlock family. Leads to ground control, guillotine, D'arce, and anaconda.
- Hiza juji gatame escape alias Kneebar escape — bend the knee, hip in toward the attacker, stack and step over, roll with the extension. Elevated-risk leg lock defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Homer Simpson Sweep Homer Simpson sweep — hooks the bottom player's near leg behind the standing opponent's far leg while the hand pulls the near leg forward, sweeping the opponent over their far foot. From seated guard.
- Honey Hole alias Cross ashi garami — inside heel hook position: saddle, inside sankaku, honey hole. Hardest to escape; shortest injury timeline. Submission grappling reference.
- Honey Hole Finish alias The inside heel hook — primary submission from cross ashi / saddle. Loads the ACL and medial structures through internal Submission grappling reference.
- Hook removal alias De La Riva hook break — kill the hook by killing the foot-on-hip frame, defeat the sleeve/ankle grip, step back to clear the hook. Prerequisite for passing DLR guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Hook sweep alias Butterfly hook sweep — underhook controls direction, hook elevates and tips the top player. Foundation of the butterfly system. Submission grappling reference.
- Hook sweep (sacrifice variant) alias Butterfly sumi — sacrifice throw from butterfly guard: backward fall, hook lift, chest connection. Weight drives the reversal. Submission grappling reference.
- Hook-to-thread conversion alias Butterfly ashi — butterfly hook becomes ashi garami when top player steps in. Entry to the leg entanglement cluster. Submission grappling reference.
- Hooking guard alias De la Riva guard in no-gi: the DLR hook and shin grip as an entry platform to leg entanglements, tripod sweeps, and back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- HQ alias Headquarters is the kneeling top position between passing and control — one knee up, one knee down beside the opponent's hip. Submission grappling reference.
- Hybrid half guard pass alias Half butterfly pass — kill the butterfly hook, flatten the bottom player, and pass the hybrid half guard. How to defeat the half butterfly position. Submission grappling reference.
I
32- IHH alias The inside heel hook — primary submission from cross ashi / saddle. Loads the ACL and medial structures through internal Submission grappling reference.
- Imanari entry alias Imanari roll — inverted standing-to-ground entry threading directly to ashi garami or cross ashi garami. Submission grappling reference.
- Imanari Roll Imanari roll — inverted standing-to-ground entry threading directly to ashi garami or cross ashi garami. Submission grappling reference.
- Inner Heel Hook alias The inside heel hook — primary submission from cross ashi / saddle. Loads the ACL and medial structures through internal Submission grappling reference.
- Inner leg trip alias The inside trip hooks the opponent's near leg from inside with the practitioner's near leg and trips or sweeps it outward, while upper body pressure drives the opponent over the tripped leg.
- Inner reap alias Kouchi gari — inner reap hooking inside the near ankle, reaping backward. Weight must be on the reaped leg at contact. Submission grappling reference.
- Inner thigh reap alias Uchi mata — inner thigh reap throw. One of the highest-percentage judo throws, increasingly dominant in elite no-gi competition. Submission grappling reference.
- Inner thigh throw alias Uchi mata — inner thigh reap throw. One of the highest-percentage judo throws, increasingly dominant in elite no-gi competition. Submission grappling reference.
- Inside control alias Double underhooks give the most hip control of any clinch position — both arms under the opponent's, both hips accessible. The Submission grappling reference.
- Inside Heel Hook The inside heel hook — primary submission from cross ashi / saddle. Loads the ACL and medial structures through internal Submission grappling reference.
- Inside heel hook escape alias Heel hook escape — hide the heel, clear the knee line, mechanics for ashi, outside ashi, cross ashi. Tap at late-stage rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Inside heel hook variant alias The Woj lock is a heel hook variant that prioritises rotational torque through a specific grip and hip extension combination. Submission grappling reference.
- Inside Heelhook Position alias Cross ashi garami — inside heel hook position: saddle, inside sankaku, honey hole. Hardest to escape; shortest injury timeline. Submission grappling reference.
- Inside Hook alias The inside heel hook — primary submission from cross ashi / saddle. Loads the ACL and medial structures through internal Submission grappling reference.
- Inside leg alias High crotch — between single and double leg: head at hip level, arm under the crotch. Converts to double leg or spins to back. Submission grappling reference.
- Inside Leg Hook alias The leg ride is the foundational ride-based control in the folkstyle wrestling family. One leg threaded over the opponent's Submission grappling reference.
- Inside Leg Thread alias Twister hook — one leg threaded between the opponent's legs to limit spinal rotation. Entry to the truck position. Submission grappling reference.
- Inside reap alias The reap — seated guard entry threading inside leg across. Creates ashi, outside ashi, or cross ashi depending on the response. Submission grappling reference.
- Inside roll alias Rolls and reversals — Granby roll, inside arm roll, outside arm roll. Guard recovery mechanics from turtle and bottom positions. Submission grappling reference.
- Inside Sankaku alias Cross ashi garami — inside heel hook position: saddle, inside sankaku, honey hole. Hardest to escape; shortest injury timeline. Submission grappling reference.
- Inside Trip The inside trip hooks the opponent's near leg from inside with the practitioner's near leg and trips or sweeps it outward, while upper body pressure drives the opponent over the tripped leg.
- Inversion alias Berimbolo — inverted rolling from De la Riva, RDLR, 50/50, seated guard. Exits to back control, crab ride, leg entanglements. Submission grappling reference.
- Inverted Armbar Inverted armbar — attacks the elbow in supination with the arm rotated so the elbow faces upward; the attacker's chest or shoulder is the fulcrum. Entries from half guard top and closed guard top.
- Inverted Guard Inverted guard — the guard player's hips are elevated above the head, back toward the mat, feet pointing at the opponent's head. Primary entry to berimbolo back takes and outside heel hook sequences.
- Inverted Guard Pass Inverted guard pass — deny the inversion, collapse the hips, and pass the transitional hub that feeds berimbolo and leg entanglement entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Inverted guard smash alias Inverted guard pass — deny the inversion, collapse the hips, and pass the transitional hub that feeds berimbolo and leg entanglement entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Inverted Heel Hook alias The inside heel hook — primary submission from cross ashi / saddle. Loads the ACL and medial structures through internal Submission grappling reference.
- Inverted heel hook variant alias Junny lock — inside heel hook variant using a wrist and forearm wrap that creates a different lever geometry on the knee. Applied from ashi garami and outside ashi. Submission grappling reference.
- Inverted X Entanglement alias Reverse X is the inverted X-guard variant that creates direct cross ashi entries and back takes. The leg configuration exposes Submission grappling reference.
- Iowa Ride The Iowa ride combines a tight waist with near arm or leg control for sustained top pressure. The signature finish is the tight waist tilt — rotating from turtle to the back via the waist grip.
- Ippon Seoi Nage Ippon Seoi Nage — single shoulder throw; drop variant most used in no-gi competition. Arm over shoulder, hip and back rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Irimi Ashi Sweep The irimi ashi sweep: stepping into the opponent's space while controlling a leg to unbalance and force the sweep. A Submission grappling reference.
J
7- Japanese Necktie The Japanese Necktie is a combined neck crank and compression choke from a turtle-top front headlock. The attacker's forearm compresses the throat while body position augments the cranking force.
- Japanese Necktie Escape Japanese necktie escape — deny the figure-four by pinning the near arm, posture the neck before grip locks, roll into the attacker to unload the crank, and tap early to dual mechanisms.
- Juji gatame alias Armbar — elbow hyperextension with hip as fulcrum, arm isolated from body. Connects to triangle and kimura via chain attacks. Submission grappling reference.
- Juji gatame escape alias Armbar escape — grip fight, stack, elbow pummel, leg trap, hitchhiker. The hitchhiker is the canonical no-gi armbar escape. Submission grappling reference.
- Jumping armbar alias Flying armbar — standing-to-submission attack; jumping directly to an armbar lock. The highest-risk standing entry. Submission grappling reference.
- Jumping triangle alias Flying triangle — jumping from standing to lock a triangle choke. Elevated risk; precise timing required. Submission grappling reference.
- Junny Lock Junny lock — inside heel hook variant using a wrist and forearm wrap that creates a different lever geometry on the knee. Applied from ashi garami and outside ashi. Submission grappling reference.
K
57- K-Guard K-Guard is a specific guard configuration designed as a direct inside heel hook entry system. The leg arrangement naturally exposes the inside heel for attack.
- K-Guard (Entanglement Context) K-Guard in the entanglement context — when the K-guard configuration transitions from a guard position to a confirmed leg Submission grappling reference.
- K-Guard LE alias K-Guard in the entanglement context — when the K-guard configuration transitions from a guard position to a confirmed leg Submission grappling reference.
- K-Position alias K-Guard in the entanglement context — when the K-guard configuration transitions from a guard position to a confirmed leg Submission grappling reference.
- Kami shiho gatame escape alias North-south escape techniques — hip escape, Granby roll to deep half, arm drag counter, sit-up scramble. Early movement is key. Submission grappling reference.
- Kani Basami Kani Basami — scissors takedown. Sacrifice technique with elevated knee injury risk. Elite-level timing and angle requirement. Heavily ruleset-restricted. Submission grappling reference.
- Kani basami (wrestling analogue — distinct but related) alias The scissor sweep in no-gi: shin-across-the-thigh and heel-hook-behind-the-knee mechanics as a fundamental weight-unloading Submission grappling reference.
- Kata Gatame Kata gatame from front headlock — chest pins near arm against neck; attacking arm over the neck completes the triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Kata Gatame Kata gatame — head-and-arm control for the arm triangle. Shoulder into neck, arm trapped; creates bilateral carotid compression. Submission grappling reference.
- Kata Gatame — Bottom Kata gatame bottom — defending head-and-arm control. Top player's shoulder driven into the neck with the defender's near arm trapped against their own throat; arm triangle is the primary finish.
- Kata gatame escape alias Arm triangle escape — hide the shoulder, turn into the attacker, step back the leg to prevent mount, fall off the far side. Head-and-arm choke defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Kata guruma alias Fireman's carry — drops under the arm and through the legs to load the opponent across the shoulders. Shoulder is the fulcrum. Submission grappling reference.
- Kesa alias Kesa gatame — hip-seated position securing head and near arm. Weight distribution and arm structure are the control mechanism. Submission grappling reference.
- Kesa escape alias Kesa gatame escape — posting frame, bridge and roll reversal, granby exit, pummelling to recover the trapped arm, hip-out to half guard. Written from the defender's perspective.
- Kesa Gatame Kesa gatame — hip-seated position securing head and near arm. Weight distribution and arm structure are the control mechanism. Submission grappling reference.
- Kesa Gatame — Bottom Kesa gatame bottom — defending the scarf hold. Top player seated perpendicular with head-and-arm control; near arm trapped under the top player's armpit. Submission grappling reference.
- Kesa Gatame Escape Techniques Kesa gatame escape — posting frame, bridge and roll reversal, granby exit, pummelling to recover the trapped arm, hip-out to half guard. Written from the defender's perspective.
- Keylock alias Americana — figure-four to the mat in external rotation. Inverse of the kimura. Primary submission from mount. Submission grappling reference.
- Killing the hooks alias Butterfly hook break — kill the hook elevation, fold the knees down, pin a thigh to engage passing. Prerequisite for body-lock, knee-cut, and smash passes against butterfly guard.
- Kimura Kimura — figure-four shoulder lock in internal rotation and extension. The submission finish of the system; powers back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Kimura Control Kimura control — figure-four grip used positionally. From this grip: back take, turtle control, mount, or submission chain. Submission grappling reference.
- Kimura Escape Kimura escape — elbow to body, thigh grip, walk the wall, kimura counter roll. Early connection prevents arm isolation. Submission grappling reference.
- Kimura lock alias Kimura trap — figure-four grip as a dilemma. Keeping position while defending is impossible; each defence opens a new attack. Submission grappling reference.
- Kimura Trap Kimura trap — figure-four grip as a dilemma. Keeping position while defending is impossible; each defence opens a new attack. Submission grappling reference.
- Kimura trap system alias Kimura trap — figure-four grip as a dilemma. Keeping position while defending is impossible; each defence opens a new attack. Submission grappling reference.
- Kimura-style shoulder crank alias Choi Bar — shoulder rotation submission; arm pulled across the body while the shoulder is externally rotated. From side control. Submission grappling reference.
- Kiss of the Dragon Kiss of the Dragon — Granby roll under the opponent from turtle bottom to expose the back. Direct back take entry. Submission grappling reference.
- Kiss of the Dragon back take alias Kiss of the Dragon — Granby roll under the opponent from turtle bottom to expose the back. Direct back take entry. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee bar alias Kneebar — hyperextends the knee by trapping the foot and driving the hip into the back of the knee. Legal in ADCC and EBI. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee buckle alias The knee tap taps the opponent's near knee inward from a single leg grip or clinch, buckling the knee and dropping the opponent to the mat. Effective vs stepping opponents and as a single leg finish.
- Knee cut alias The knee cut pass in no-gi: driving the knee across the bottom player's thigh to clear the guard and establish side control. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee Cut Pass The knee cut pass in no-gi: driving the knee across the bottom player's thigh to clear the guard and establish side control. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee mount escape alias Named escape techniques from knee on belly — ankle grip and hip escape, underhook escape, knee shield push, and roll under. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee on Belly — Bottom Knee on belly bottom — top knee into the abdomen. Instinctive push opens the armbar. Two-hand removal is the correct response. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee on Belly — Top Knee on belly — knee into the torso; reactions are exploited. Pushing opens the armbar; reaching opens the triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee on Belly Escape Techniques Named escape techniques from knee on belly — ankle grip and hip escape, underhook escape, knee shield push, and roll under. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee on stomach alias Knee on belly — knee into the torso; reactions are exploited. Pushing opens the armbar; reaching opens the triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee ride alias Knee on belly — knee into the torso; reactions are exploited. Pushing opens the armbar; reaching opens the triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee ride escape alias Named escape techniques from knee on belly — ankle grip and hip escape, underhook escape, knee shield push, and roll under. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee Shield Break Knee shield break — neutralise the Z-guard / half-guard shield by crushing, stepping over, or pummelling under the blocking knee. Required for passing any shield-style half guard.
- Knee shield half guard alias Z-guard (knee shield) — elevated knee frame against the hip; underhook battle and exits to scorpion, butterfly, back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee shield neutralisation alias Knee shield break — neutralise the Z-guard / half-guard shield by crushing, stepping over, or pummelling under the blocking knee. Required for passing any shield-style half guard.
- Knee shield smash alias Smash pass — stack and flatten the guard player’s legs; drive through the knee shield with shoulder pressure to complete. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee shield sweep alias Half lower leg sweep — from Z-guard or half guard, near-knee hook and underhook sweep. Ducking to defend opens the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee slice alias The knee cut pass in no-gi: driving the knee across the bottom player's thigh to clear the guard and establish side control. Submission grappling reference.
- Knee Tap The knee tap taps the opponent's near knee inward from a single leg grip or clinch, buckling the knee and dropping the opponent to the mat. Effective vs stepping opponents and as a single leg finish.
- Knee-on-Knee alias Shin-on-shin is a fundamental seated guard entry position — the connecting configuration between seated guard and single leg X Submission grappling reference.
- Knee-on-stomach escape alias Named escape techniques from knee on belly — ankle grip and hip escape, underhook escape, knee shield push, and roll under. Submission grappling reference.
- Kneebar Kneebar — hyperextends the knee by trapping the foot and driving the hip into the back of the knee. Legal in ADCC and EBI. Submission grappling reference.
- Kneebar Escape Kneebar escape — bend the knee, hip in toward the attacker, stack and step over, roll with the extension. Elevated-risk leg lock defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Kneeling pass position alias Headquarters is the kneeling top position between passing and control — one knee up, one knee down beside the opponent's hip. Submission grappling reference.
- Ko-uchi-gari alias The inside trip hooks the opponent's near leg from inside with the practitioner's near leg and trips or sweeps it outward, while upper body pressure drives the opponent over the tripped leg.
- KOB escape alias Named escape techniques from knee on belly — ankle grip and hip escape, underhook escape, knee shield push, and roll under. Submission grappling reference.
- Kosoto from octopus alias Kosoto gake (small outside reap) from octopus guard: using the body-lock and leg connection to reap the far ankle while pulling Submission grappling reference.
- Kote gaeshi alias Wristlock — radiocarpal joint attack via hyperextension or deviation. Shorter injury window; restricted in beginner contexts. Submission grappling reference.
- Kouchi alias Kouchi gari — inner reap hooking inside the near ankle, reaping backward. Weight must be on the reaped leg at contact. Submission grappling reference.
- Kouchi Gari Kouchi gari — inner reap hooking inside the near ankle, reaping backward. Weight must be on the reaped leg at contact. Submission grappling reference.
L
53- Lachlan Guard alias K-Guard in the entanglement context — when the K-guard configuration transitions from a guard position to a confirmed leg Submission grappling reference.
- Lateral Drop The lateral drop drops the practitioner to the side while pulling the opponent's upper body across, throwing them over the dropping body. Applied from body locks, underhooks, and collar ties.
- Lateral Knee Bar Lateral knee bar — kneebar applied from back exposure or leg ride positions, where the attacker is positioned behind the opponent's leg. Mechanically distinct from the standard kneebar.
- Lateral scissor sweep alias The side scissors sweep from closed guard: hip-escaping laterally to attack a perpendicular angle and sweep the passer with crossed-leg pressure.
- Lateral triangle alias Side triangle — triangle from a lateral position. Hip drive is lateral. Available from side control and north-south. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg bar alias Kneebar — hyperextends the knee by trapping the foot and driving the hip into the back of the knee. Legal in ADCC and EBI. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg Control alias The leg ride is the foundational ride-based control in the folkstyle wrestling family. One leg threaded over the opponent's Submission grappling reference.
- Leg drag control alias Leg drag position — the held state between completing the leg drag and achieving side control, where the top player controls the legs but has not yet pinned. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg Drag Pass Leg drag pass — one leg controlled and dragged across the body to create a passing angle. Primary pass from open guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg Drag Position Leg drag position — the held state between completing the leg drag and achieving side control, where the top player controls the legs but has not yet pinned. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg Knot alias Game Over (Z-lock, Leg Knot) — an entanglement in which the attacker controls both of the opponent's legs in a crossed configuration. Immediate heel hook and toe hold access.
- Leg Lace alias Single Leg X in the guard context — where ashi garami is established as a guard configuration before the entanglement is Submission grappling reference.
- Leg lace back position alias Waiter position — deep half guard variant; far leg underhook creates sweep leverage and back take entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg lace half guard alias Scorpion — half guard variant with trapping foot outside the top player's knee. Opens waiter sweep and back take. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg lock pass alias The body lock pass in no-gi: wrapping both legs to eliminate hooks and drive through the guard. The primary answer to butterfly Submission grappling reference.
- Leg pull pass alias Leg drag pass — one leg controlled and dragged across the body to create a passing angle. Primary pass from open guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg reap entry alias The reap — seated guard entry threading inside leg across. Creates ashi, outside ashi, or cross ashi depending on the response. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg reap sweep alias The irimi ashi sweep: stepping into the opponent's space while controlling a leg to unbalance and force the sweep. A Submission grappling reference.
- Leg Ride The leg ride is the foundational ride-based control in the folkstyle wrestling family. One leg threaded over the opponent's Submission grappling reference.
- Leg scissors takedown alias Kani Basami — scissors takedown. Sacrifice technique with elevated knee injury risk. Elite-level timing and angle requirement. Heavily ruleset-restricted. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg Shelf alias Shelf — leg ride variant with the near leg lifted across the top player’s thigh, exposing the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg straightener escape alias Kneebar escape — bend the knee, hip in toward the attacker, stack and step over, roll with the extension. Elevated-risk leg lock defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg trap arm control alias Crucifix — near arm trapped between top player legs, far arm separately controlled. Both arms isolated; opponent cannot defend. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg trap back alias Straitjacket back control in no-gi: the opponent's near arm is trapped between the attacker's legs while back control is Submission grappling reference.
- Leg triangle alias Triangle — bilateral carotid compression from guard. Opponent's inside arm presses against their neck to close half the choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg triangle (body) alias Body triangle — figure-four legs around the torso from back control. Removes the bridge, loads the ribs, compounds the strangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg triangle escape alias Triangle escape — posture, hide the arm, spin before the lock, double under, tilt, stack and walk. Early defence is essential. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg triangle omoplata alias Tarikoplata — shoulder lock using a leg triangle over the arm from guard. Leg-based rotation loads the shoulder joint. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg weave alias The leg weave pass threads the top player's arm between the opponent's legs to control the near leg from inside, creating a passing platform that limits hip escape. Vs half, Z-guard, and butterfly.
- Leg Weave Pass The leg weave pass threads the top player's arm between the opponent's legs to control the near leg from inside, creating a passing platform that limits hip escape. Vs half, Z-guard, and butterfly.
- Leg-assisted necktie escape alias Mexican necktie escape — keep a flat back to deny the leg hook, stand from turtle before the leg lands, drag the hooking foot off the back, and strip the choking arm.
- Leg-behind-neck guard alias Rubber guard — leg-behind-neck guard pinning posture and freeing both hands. Platform for omoplata, gogoplata, and triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg-over choke alias The buggy choke in no-gi: a self-defence roll executed from bottom mount or bottom side control that threads the attacker's own Submission grappling reference.
- Leg-side control alias Reverse kesa gatame — kesa rotated 180 degrees, top player facing the feet. Near arm and leg controlled from the reverse side. Submission grappling reference.
- Leg-side pin bottom alias Reverse kesa gatame bottom — defending the reverse scarf hold. Top player hip-seated facing the defender's feet; primary threat is the near-arm kimura. Submission grappling reference.
- Lockdown Lockdown — half guard with the top leg in a figure-four. Controls mobility; foundation of dogfight and electric chair. Submission grappling reference.
- Lockdown counter alias Lockdown pass — defeat the figure-four calf hook, recover the trapped leg, and pass the half guard. How to escape and pass the lockdown position. Submission grappling reference.
- Lockdown escape alias Lockdown pass — defeat the figure-four calf hook, recover the trapped leg, and pass the half guard. How to escape and pass the lockdown position. Submission grappling reference.
- Lockdown half guard alias Lockdown — half guard with the top leg in a figure-four. Controls mobility; foundation of dogfight and electric chair. Submission grappling reference.
- Lockdown Pass Lockdown pass — defeat the figure-four calf hook, recover the trapped leg, and pass the half guard. How to escape and pass the lockdown position. Submission grappling reference.
- Lockdown sweep alias Electric chair sweep — extends the top player's far leg outward from the lockdown in half guard, levering them over their own trapped leg. Distinct from the electric chair submission (groin stretch).
- Locoplata The locoplata is a gogoplata-family submission from inverted guard, using the shin across the opponent's face or jaw while controlling the arm. Distinct from the standard gogoplata in entry angle.
- Log splitter alias Standing closed guard break — the primary method of opening a closed guard in no-gi. Post on the hips, stand with one knee up, and drop weight through the wedge to open the lock.
- Long guard alias Seated guard is the foundational open guard — feet active between the passer's knees, head up, hands ready to frame or attack. Submission grappling reference.
- Long sit alias Seated guard is the foundational open guard — feet active between the passer's knees, head up, hands ready to frame or attack. Submission grappling reference.
- Long Step Pass Long step pass — outside leg steps wide around the guard player’s legs; hips follow to complete the pass. Submission grappling reference.
- Low guard break alias Kneeling closed guard break — open the closed guard without standing. Sit back onto heels, wedge elbow to far knee, push outward while keeping posture. Low-risk alternative to standing.
- Low single alias Single leg — penetration step to the outside of the near leg; shoulder drives through to complete the takedown. Submission grappling reference.
- Lower leg shift alias Scorpion — half guard variant with trapping foot outside the top player's knee. Opens waiter sweep and back take. Submission grappling reference.
- Lower leg shift pass alias Scorpion pass — defeat the outside knee hook, deny the hip extension sweep, and pass the lower-leg-shift half guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Lower Leg Shift Sweep Half lower leg sweep — from Z-guard or half guard, near-knee hook and underhook sweep. Ducking to defend opens the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Lower leg sweep alias Half lower leg sweep — from Z-guard or half guard, near-knee hook and underhook sweep. Ducking to defend opens the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Lumberjack Sweep The lumberjack sweep grabs the top player's far ankle from half guard or seated guard while creating a lateral tipping force, sweeping the top player over their far leg.
M
34- Mae hadaka jime escape alias Guillotine escape — posture, side step pass, chin tuck, roll through, arm-in escape. Side step pass is the canonical escape. Submission grappling reference.
- Mão de vaca alias Wristlock — radiocarpal joint attack via hyperextension or deviation. Shorter injury window; restricted in beginner contexts. Submission grappling reference.
- Marcelo choke escape alias North-south choke escape — deny the far-arm thread, prevent chest-to-face contact, chin tuck against the scoop, bridge and turn before the rotation finishes. Submission grappling reference.
- Marceloplata alias The monoplata uses a single-leg triangular configuration to attack the shoulder — one leg controls the far arm, the other creates rotation force. Related to the omoplata but distinct in entry.
- Marcelotine alias Arm-in guillotine — near arm inside the choke; tighter vascular compression than the arm-out variant. Submission grappling reference.
- Marcelotine escape alias High elbow guillotine escape — chin tuck alone is not enough; shoulder-to-ear denies the carotid angle, clear the elbow to break the grip, step through from guard.
- Mat return choke alias Guillotine — primary vascular choke from the front headlock. High-elbow finish from guard and standing. Submission grappling reference.
- Mata Leão alias The primary submission from back control. Bilateral carotid compression applied from the seatbelt or body triangle. The most Submission grappling reference.
- Mata leão escape alias Rear naked choke escape — chin tuck, grip fight, seat drop, strong-side turn, Peterson roll. Prevention is the primary defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Matador pass alias The toreando (bullfighter) pass in no-gi: controlling both shins and redirecting the legs to pass around to the side. The Submission grappling reference.
- Meathook escape alias Williams guard pass — strip the head control overhook, recover posture, and defeat the arm triangle and back take platform. Submission grappling reference.
- Meathook guard alias High guard — closed guard variant with elevated hips and legs riding high. Primary platform for triangle and armbar entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Meathook guard escape alias High guard pass — defeat the elevated closed guard with legs high on the back, strip the meathook arm control, and escape the triangle-omoplata-armbar platform. Submission grappling reference.
- Mexican Necktie The Mexican Necktie augments a front headlock choke with one leg hooked over the opponent's back — leg extension tightens the choke and prevents posturing. Applied from turtle top.
- Mexican Necktie Escape Mexican necktie escape — keep a flat back to deny the leg hook, stand from turtle before the leg lands, drag the hooking foot off the back, and strip the choking arm.
- Mikey Lock Mikey lock — calf compression applied from cross ashi / saddle, transitioning from inside heel hook attempts. Same mechanical target as the calf slicer but entered from a different position.
- Minor inner reap alias Kouchi gari — inner reap hooking inside the near ankle, reaping backward. Weight must be on the reaped leg at contact. Submission grappling reference.
- Minor outer reap alias De ashi harai — lateral foot sweep at the moment of weight transfer. Too early or too late and the sweep fails. Submission grappling reference.
- Mir Lock Mir Lock — straight arm shoulder and elbow submission; arm extended then cranked to load both the elbow and shoulder. Submission grappling reference.
- Mission control alias Rubber guard — leg-behind-neck guard pinning posture and freeing both hands. Platform for omoplata, gogoplata, and triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Modified 50/50 alias Backside 50/50 — asymmetric 50/50 where one player has back exposure advantage; primary submission is the outside heel hook. Submission grappling reference.
- Modified inside heel hook alias Junny lock — inside heel hook variant using a wrist and forearm wrap that creates a different lever geometry on the knee. Applied from ashi garami and outside ashi. Submission grappling reference.
- Monoplata The monoplata uses a single-leg triangular configuration to attack the shoulder — one leg controls the far arm, the other creates rotation force. Related to the omoplata but distinct in entry.
- Mount — Bottom Mount bottom — defending full mount, the highest-danger pin. Top player across the hips; preventing high mount is the priority. Submission grappling reference.
- Mount — Top The mount is the highest-percentage finishing position in top grappling. The top player sits on the opponent's torso Submission grappling reference.
- Mount Escape Techniques Mount escape — trap and roll, elbow-knee, ghost, kipping, foot drag, bridge to turtle. Written from the defender's perspective. Submission grappling reference.
- Mount position alias The mount is the highest-percentage finishing position in top grappling. The top player sits on the opponent's torso Submission grappling reference.
- Mounted sankaku jime escape alias Mounted triangle escape — prevent the S-mount arm isolation, block the leg crossing the neck, stack-and-drive the trapped arm out, posture up through the lock. Submission grappling reference.
- Mounted shin choke defence alias Domplata bottom — defending the shin-to-throat compression from mount with one arm trapped. Defence is pre-emptive (deny the arm isolation) or immediate (tap on first throat pressure).
- Mounted Triangle Mounted triangle — triangle choke from mount. Legs encircle neck and one arm from above; bilateral carotid compression from top. Submission grappling reference.
- Mounted Triangle Escape Mounted triangle escape — prevent the S-mount arm isolation, block the leg crossing the neck, stack-and-drive the trapped arm out, posture up through the lock. Submission grappling reference.
- Muay Thai plum alias The double collar tie — both hands on the back of the opponent's neck — creates the clinch snap and the hip throw entry. The Submission grappling reference.
- Mutual Ashi Garami Mutual ashi — also called criss-cross ashi — is the position where both players are in overlapping single-leg entanglements. Submission grappling reference.
- Mutual Entanglement alias The 50/50 is the symmetric leg entanglement — both players have equal structural access to each other's heel. Understanding Submission grappling reference.
N
23- Near Ankle Ride The near ankle ride grips the bottom player's near ankle from turtle top, controlling the near leg to prevent standup and enable tilts and turns. A foundational leg-control top position in folkstyle.
- Near Arm Wrap alias Turk — folkstyle control under the near arm and around the neck. Kimura is the primary submission; flattening is the objective. Submission grappling reference.
- Near-side underhook alias Underhook half guard — offensive half guard with the underhook on the shoulder. Base for dogfight, lockdown, and sweeps. Submission grappling reference.
- Neck control (ground) alias Front headlock ground control — cervical spine control that leads the body. Primary platform for guillotine, D’Arce, anaconda. Submission grappling reference.
- Neck crank alias The Can Opener is a cervical hyperflexion submission from inside the opponent's closed guard. Both hands grip the head and force it forward, loading the cervical spine. Legal in ADCC.
- Neck tie alias The single collar tie — one hand on the back of the opponent's head — is the standard initial engagement position. It controls Submission grappling reference.
- Neck-and-armpit choke escape alias Japanese necktie escape — deny the figure-four by pinning the near arm, posture the neck before grip locks, roll into the attacker to unload the crank, and tap early to dual mechanisms.
- Neutral kneeling half guard alias The dogfight is the neutral kneeling scramble that arises from half guard when both players are fighting for the underhook. Submission grappling reference.
- Neutral position alias Standing — the default start of all grappling exchanges. Stance, base, and distance management determine what is available. Submission grappling reference.
- Ninja choke alias Ninja choke — no-gi guillotine-D'Arce hybrid. No arms inside; figure-four RNC-style grip. Counter to single leg and defended guillotine. Submission grappling reference.
- Ninja Choke (No-Gi) Ninja choke — no-gi guillotine-D'Arce hybrid. No arms inside; figure-four RNC-style grip. Counter to single leg and defended guillotine. Submission grappling reference.
- Ninja Choke Escape Ninja choke escape — chin tuck denies forearm insertion; prevent figure-four closure during the hook phase; posture and step through in guard; level change against the standing finish.
- No-arm darce escape alias D’Arce and anaconda escape — clear the arm early, tight turtle, roll to back take counter, arm drag counter, stack and post. Submission grappling reference.
- No-gi berimbolo alias The RDLR back take in no-gi: from reverse de la riva, invert through the space under the opponent's hips and take the back. The Submission grappling reference.
- No-gi brabo alias The D'arce choke: arm-in triangle applied from the front headlock when the near arm is posted. The choking arm threads under Submission grappling reference.
- No-gi ninja choke alias Ninja choke — no-gi guillotine-D'Arce hybrid. No arms inside; figure-four RNC-style grip. Counter to single leg and defended guillotine. Submission grappling reference.
- North-South — Bottom North-south bottom — opponent facing the feet, weight on the chest. Kimura threat is immediate. Primary escape: bridge and hip. Submission grappling reference.
- North-South — Top North-south is an underutilised control position where the top player is chest-to-chest with the opponent but facing the feet. Submission grappling reference.
- North-South Choke North-south choke — arm wraps around the far side of the neck under the opponent’s arm; applied from north-south top position. Submission grappling reference.
- North-South Choke Escape North-south choke escape — deny the far-arm thread, prevent chest-to-face contact, chin tuck against the scoop, bridge and turn before the rotation finishes. Submission grappling reference.
- North-South Escape Techniques North-south escape techniques — hip escape, Granby roll to deep half, arm drag counter, sit-up scramble. Early movement is key. Submission grappling reference.
- Not the Tarikoplata alias Baratoplata — shoulder lock from omoplata-family positions; the shin or forearm lever rotates the shoulder against its range. Submission grappling reference.
- NS choke alias North-south choke — arm wraps around the far side of the neck under the opponent’s arm; applied from north-south top position. Submission grappling reference.
O
62- O-goshi alias Hip throw — attacker turns in, places hip inside the opponent's, loads them over the fulcrum. O-goshi, Mune-nage, and variants. Submission grappling reference.
- O-soto-gari alias The outside trip hooks the opponent's near leg from the outside — stepping behind or around the lead leg — and trips it inward while upper body pressure drives the opponent over the tripped leg.
- Octopus — Top Perspective Octopus top — passer's view against octopus guard. Back take and kosoto sweep are the threats. Near hip away is the defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Octopus Butterfly Sweep Butterfly sweep mechanics applied from octopus guard: combining the underhook and body-lock control with a butterfly hook lift to sweep the passer forward.
- Octopus disengagement alias Octopus guard pass — strip the deep overhook, recover posture, flatten or backstep to pass. How to deal with the seated overhook back-take platform. Submission grappling reference.
- Octopus Guard Octopus guard: the deep overhook from a seated position as a back take platform, sweep system, and front headlock entry. Covers Submission grappling reference.
- Octopus Guard Pass Octopus guard pass — strip the deep overhook, recover posture, flatten or backstep to pass. How to deal with the seated overhook back-take platform. Submission grappling reference.
- Octopus hook sweep alias Butterfly sweep mechanics applied from octopus guard: combining the underhook and body-lock control with a butterfly hook lift to sweep the passer forward.
- Octopus Kosoto Sweep Kosoto gake (small outside reap) from octopus guard: using the body-lock and leg connection to reap the far ankle while pulling Submission grappling reference.
- Octopus pass defence alias Octopus top — passer's view against octopus guard. Back take and kosoto sweep are the threats. Near hip away is the defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Offensive half guard alias Underhook half guard — offensive half guard with the underhook on the shoulder. Base for dogfight, lockdown, and sweeps. Submission grappling reference.
- OHH alias The outside heel hook — primary submission from ashi garami and outside ashi. Loads medial knee structures through external Submission grappling reference.
- OHH position alias Outside sankaku in no-gi: the triangled leg control around the opponent's outside leg that serves as the primary outside heel Submission grappling reference.
- Omoplata Omoplata — legs trap the arm and drive the shoulder into internal rotation. Positional use is on a separate page. Submission grappling reference.
- Omoplata Control Omoplata control — arm trapped in the legs; submission always available as a threat. Platform for sweeps and back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Omoplata Escape Omoplata escape — posture forward, forward roll, cartwheel over, step over the head. Shoulder defence from guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Omoplata position alias Omoplata control — arm trapped in the legs; submission always available as a threat. Platform for sweeps and back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Open guard alias Seated guard is the foundational open guard — feet active between the passer's knees, head up, hands ready to frame or attack. Submission grappling reference.
- Open guard (lying) alias Supine guard — lying on the back with feet active, used as a transitional state to reach seated guard or leg entanglement entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Open stance alias Standing — the default start of all grappling exchanges. Stance, base, and distance management determine what is available. Submission grappling reference.
- Opposite arm triangle alias Opposite triangle — catches the far arm. Available when standard entry is blocked but the far arm creates the geometry. Submission grappling reference.
- Opposite-Side Triangle Opposite triangle — catches the far arm. Available when standard entry is blocked but the far arm creates the geometry. Submission grappling reference.
- Osaekomi alias Side control — chest-to-chest pin after a guard pass. Primary platform for kimura, arm triangle, D’Arce, and transitions. Submission grappling reference.
- OU pass alias The over-under pass in no-gi: one arm over the leg and one arm under to create a body lock and drive through the guard with controlled pressure.
- Outer Ashi Garami alias Outside ashi garami — outside leg entanglement variant; outside heel hook is the primary submission from this position. Submission grappling reference.
- Outer Heel Hook alias The outside heel hook — primary submission from ashi garami and outside ashi. Loads medial knee structures through external Submission grappling reference.
- Outer leg trip alias The outside trip hooks the opponent's near leg from the outside — stepping behind or around the lead leg — and trips it inward while upper body pressure drives the opponent over the tripped leg.
- Outside ankle reap from body lock alias Kosoto gake (small outside reap) from octopus guard: using the body-lock and leg connection to reap the far ankle while pulling Submission grappling reference.
- Outside Ashi — Standing Context Outside ashi standing — transitional leg control while the opponent is upright; entry into ground leg entanglement system. Submission grappling reference.
- Outside Ashi Garami Outside ashi garami — outside leg entanglement variant; outside heel hook is the primary submission from this position. Submission grappling reference.
- Outside Entanglement alias Outside ashi garami — outside leg entanglement variant; outside heel hook is the primary submission from this position. Submission grappling reference.
- Outside Heel Hook The outside heel hook — primary submission from ashi garami and outside ashi. Loads medial knee structures through external Submission grappling reference.
- Outside heel hook escape alias Heel hook escape — hide the heel, clear the knee line, mechanics for ashi, outside ashi, cross ashi. Tap at late-stage rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Outside Hook alias The outside heel hook — primary submission from ashi garami and outside ashi. Loads medial knee structures through external Submission grappling reference.
- Outside hook entry alias False reap — outside leg threads across the near leg, mirror of the reap. Access to ashi, outside ashi, cross ashi, and 50/50. Submission grappling reference.
- Outside hook guard alias Reverse De la Riva in no-gi: the inside hook as a transition hub between DLR, K-guard, and leg entanglements. Covers the hook Submission grappling reference.
- Outside hook half guard pass alias Scorpion pass — defeat the outside knee hook, deny the hip extension sweep, and pass the lower-leg-shift half guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Outside leg drag alias Outside ashi standing — transitional leg control while the opponent is upright; entry into ground leg entanglement system. Submission grappling reference.
- Outside leg triangle alias Outside sankaku in no-gi: the triangled leg control around the opponent's outside leg that serves as the primary outside heel Submission grappling reference.
- Outside reap alias False reap — outside leg threads across the near leg, mirror of the reap. Access to ashi, outside ashi, cross ashi, and 50/50. Submission grappling reference.
- Outside Sankaku Outside sankaku in no-gi: the triangled leg control around the opponent's outside leg that serves as the primary outside heel Submission grappling reference.
- Outside SLX alias Outside ashi garami — outside leg entanglement variant; outside heel hook is the primary submission from this position. Submission grappling reference.
- Outside step pass alias Long step pass — outside leg steps wide around the guard player’s legs; hips follow to complete the pass. Submission grappling reference.
- Outside triangle alias Outside sankaku in no-gi: the triangled leg control around the opponent's outside leg that serves as the primary outside heel Submission grappling reference.
- Outside Trip The outside trip hooks the opponent's near leg from the outside — stepping behind or around the lead leg — and trips it inward while upper body pressure drives the opponent over the tripped leg.
- Outside Tripod Sweep The outside tripod sweep places the pushing foot on the outside of the opponent's hip rather than the belly. This angle is Submission grappling reference.
- Outside-leg tripod sweep alias The outside tripod sweep places the pushing foot on the outside of the opponent's hip rather than the belly. This angle is Submission grappling reference.
- Over-the-top pass alias High step pass — lifts the near foot high over the opponent's near leg and steps it to the far side, creating a sudden angle change that bypasses hook-based guards. Applied vs butterfly and X-guard.
- Over-under back control alias Over-under back control — one arm over the shoulder (overhook), one arm under the armpit (underhook). Less immediate strangle Submission grappling reference.
- Over-under body lock alias The over-under pass in no-gi: one arm over the leg and one arm under to create a body lock and drive through the guard with controlled pressure.
- Over-under choke alias The brabo choke in no-gi: a D'Arce variant entered from top guard or top half guard rather than from turtle. The attacker's arm Submission grappling reference.
- Over-Under Clinch Over-under clinch — overhook over the near shoulder, underhook under the far arm. Primary no-gi contact position. Submission grappling reference.
- Over-under clinch (back context) alias Over-under back control — one arm over the shoulder (overhook), one arm under the armpit (underhook). Less immediate strangle Submission grappling reference.
- Over-under grip alias Seatbelt back control — over-under grip with strangle hand over the shoulder, control hand under the armpit. Submission grappling reference.
- Over-Under Pass The over-under pass in no-gi: one arm over the leg and one arm under to create a body lock and drive through the guard with controlled pressure.
- Over-under side control alias Kata gatame — head-and-arm control for the arm triangle. Shoulder into neck, arm trapped; creates bilateral carotid compression. Submission grappling reference.
- Overhead Sweep The overhead sweep from closed guard in no-gi: using the passer's forward pressure against them to roll them overhead and come up on top.
- Overhead throw alias Hip throw — attacker turns in, places hip inside the opponent's, loads them over the fulcrum. O-goshi, Mune-nage, and variants. Submission grappling reference.
- Overhook clamp alias Clamp — deep overhook and body lock isolating one arm from guard. Platform for triangle, armbar, omoplata, kimura, leg locks. Submission grappling reference.
- Overhook closed guard pass alias Clamp pass — recover posture against the overhook, defeat the closed guard lock, and disengage the submission platform. How to pass the clamp position. Submission grappling reference.
- Overhook guard alias Clamp — deep overhook and body lock isolating one arm from guard. Platform for triangle, armbar, omoplata, kimura, leg locks. Submission grappling reference.
- Overhook half guard alias Octopus guard: the deep overhook from a seated position as a back take platform, sweep system, and front headlock entry. Covers Submission grappling reference.
P
28- Paintbrush alias Straight shoulder lock — arm in extension; downward shoulder pressure. Available from mount, side control, and knee on belly. Submission grappling reference.
- Passing butterfly alias Top butterfly — low base requirement to manage hook exposure; passing frameworks from butterfly top. Submission grappling reference.
- Pato Lock Pato lock — ankle and lower leg compression from ashi garami and outside ashi via an arm wrap around the ankle. Same mechanical target as the tren lock, different entry path.
- Pendulum Sweep The pendulum sweep from closed guard: trapping the arm and driving the leg to rotate the passer. The fundamental closed guard Submission grappling reference.
- Peruvian escape alias Peruvian necktie escape — deny the front headlock, block the leg swing, base against the roll, and extract the head on the exposed side. Submission grappling reference.
- Peruvian Necktie Peruvian Necktie — front headlock choke using one leg to assist the choking arm. Triangle compression against the neck. Submission grappling reference.
- Peruvian Necktie Escape Peruvian necktie escape — deny the front headlock, block the leg swing, base against the roll, and extract the head on the exposed side. Submission grappling reference.
- Peterson Roll Peterson roll — executed from near-arm underhook control on a turtled opponent. The top player drives the opponent's near arm across the body and rolls them over their far shoulder to the back.
- Peterson roll choke alias North-south choke — arm wraps around the far side of the neck under the opponent’s arm; applied from north-south top position. Submission grappling reference.
- Pinch Headlock Pinch headlock — underhook at the elbow with head pulled tight. Threatens sumi gaeshi, back take, and leg entanglement entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Pinned in kesa alias Kesa gatame bottom — defending the scarf hold. Top player seated perpendicular with head-and-arm control; near arm trapped under the top player's armpit. Submission grappling reference.
- Pinned under crossbody alias The defensive view of side control — when the opponent has completed a pass and holds the pin. The most common situation Submission grappling reference.
- Pinned under mount alias Mount bottom — defending full mount, the highest-danger pin. Top player across the hips; preventing high mount is the priority. Submission grappling reference.
- Policeman's hold alias The hammerlock folds the opponent's arm behind their back, attacking the shoulder via internal rotation and extension. Applied from side control and back control when the arm is exposed.
- Positional chain map alias The complete positional transition map: what follows what and why, derived from the canonical relationship table. Covers all Submission grappling reference.
- Positional sequence reference alias The complete positional transition map: what follows what and why, derived from the canonical relationship table. Covers all Submission grappling reference.
- Post-drag position alias Leg drag position — the held state between completing the leg drag and achieving side control, where the top player controls the legs but has not yet pinned. Submission grappling reference.
- Power double alias Double leg — head at the hip, shoulder through both legs. Deepest level change of any takedown. Primary defence is the sprawl. Submission grappling reference.
- Power guillotine alias High elbow guillotine — elbow points upward alongside the head. Different mechanical action; enables a seated guard finish. Submission grappling reference.
- Power Nelson Power nelson — arms under armpits, hands behind the head. Shoulder blade pressure; legal and distinct from the full nelson. Submission grappling reference.
- Pre-armbar mount defence alias S-mount bottom — defending the high mount with one leg over the far arm. Armbar, mounted triangle, and kimura are all seconds away; defence must prevent arm extension and the fall-back.
- Pre-berimbolo counter alias Inverted guard pass — deny the inversion, collapse the hips, and pass the transitional hub that feeds berimbolo and leg entanglement entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Pre-Z-Lock Position alias Diagonal ashi garami is a transitional leg entanglement position — the specific angle that makes the Z-lock hip submission Submission grappling reference.
- Pressure pass alias Smash pass — stack and flatten the guard player’s legs; drive through the knee shield with shoulder pressure to complete. Submission grappling reference.
- Prone back control alias Belly down back — both players prone; entered when opponent rolls from seated back. Opens heel hooks and cross ashi entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Pulling guard alias Guard pulling is a deliberate strategic choice to initiate ground fighting from the bottom — not a failed takedown. The Submission grappling reference.
- Pummeling position alias Over-under clinch — overhook over the near shoulder, underhook under the far arm. Primary no-gi contact position. Submission grappling reference.
- Push sweep alias The overhead sweep from closed guard in no-gi: using the passer's forward pressure against them to roll them overhead and come up on top.
Q
2- Quarter Mount Quarter mount — top position at 45 degrees between side control and mount. Natural intermediate in the mount entry sequence. Submission grappling reference.
- Quarter Mount — Bottom Quarter mount bottom — defending the 45-degree transitional mount before it consolidates to flat mount or converts to kimura. The defensive window is short; the framing elbow is your only tool.
R
52- RDLR alias Reverse De la Riva in no-gi: the inside hook as a transition hub between DLR, K-guard, and leg entanglements. Covers the hook Submission grappling reference.
- RDLR Back Step Sweep RDLR back step sweep — when the passer back steps out of RDLR, the bottom player reads the reaction and completes the sweep. Submission grappling reference.
- RDLR Back Take The RDLR back take in no-gi: from reverse de la riva, invert through the space under the opponent's hips and take the back. The Submission grappling reference.
- RDLR berimbolo alias The RDLR back take in no-gi: from reverse de la riva, invert through the space under the opponent's hips and take the back. The Submission grappling reference.
- RDLR sweep alias RDLR back step sweep — when the passer back steps out of RDLR, the bottom player reads the reaction and completes the sweep. Submission grappling reference.
- RDLR tripod sweep alias Reverse tripod sweep — push-pull base disruption from the reverse DLR hook. Same mechanics as the standard tripod. Submission grappling reference.
- Rear Body Lock Rear body lock — both arms around the opponent’s torso from behind, hip-to-hip. Standing precursor to back take entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Rear body triangle (neck context) alias Rear triangle — legs-around-neck blood choke applied from behind the opponent. Triangle configuration applied with the legs. Submission grappling reference.
- Rear bodylock alias Rear body lock — both arms around the opponent’s torso from behind, hip-to-hip. Standing precursor to back take entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Rear crucifix alias Back crucifix — behind the turtle with the near arm trapped. Kimura, triangle, and RNC available from this position. Submission grappling reference.
- Rear kneebar alias Lateral knee bar — kneebar applied from back exposure or leg ride positions, where the attacker is positioned behind the opponent's leg. Mechanically distinct from the standard kneebar.
- Rear Naked Choke The primary submission from back control. Bilateral carotid compression applied from the seatbelt or body triangle. The most Submission grappling reference.
- Rear Naked Choke Escape Rear naked choke escape — chin tuck, grip fight, seat drop, strong-side turn, Peterson roll. Prevention is the primary defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Rear Triangle Rear triangle — legs-around-neck blood choke applied from behind the opponent. Triangle configuration applied with the legs. Submission grappling reference.
- Rear trip from butterfly alias Butterfly sumi — sacrifice throw from butterfly guard: backward fall, hook lift, chest connection. Weight drives the reversal. Submission grappling reference.
- Referee's position variant alias The transitional four-point position: both players' knees on the mat, both hands posted. The breakdown chain for the top Submission grappling reference.
- Retreat pass alias Back step pass — near leg stepped backward to extract from top half guard or stalled knee cut. Creates the passing angle. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse Ankle Lock alias The toe hold attacks the foot and ankle through rotation. Available from multiple leg entanglement positions. Restricted in some competitive formats.
- Reverse armbar alias Inverted armbar — attacks the elbow in supination with the arm rotated so the elbow faces upward; the attacker's chest or shoulder is the fulcrum. Entries from half guard top and closed guard top.
- Reverse Ashi Lock alias The Aoki lock attacks the medial knee through a specific reverse leg configuration from ashi garami. A compression and torsion Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse chest-to-chest pin alias North-south is an underutilised control position where the top player is chest-to-chest with the opponent but facing the feet. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse D'arce alias The anaconda choke: the arm threads under the near arm and under the far side of the neck — the reverse of the D'arce. Requires Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse darce escape alias Ninja choke escape — chin tuck denies forearm insertion; prevent figure-four closure during the hook phase; posture and step through in guard; level change against the standing finish.
- Reverse De la Riva Reverse De la Riva in no-gi: the inside hook as a transition hub between DLR, K-guard, and leg entanglements. Covers the hook Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse DLR alias Reverse De la Riva in no-gi: the inside hook as a transition hub between DLR, K-guard, and leg entanglements. Covers the hook Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse Guard Reverse guard is a facing-away guard position — the bottom player's back is toward the opponent. Provides direct outside ashi Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse Guard (Entanglement Context) Reverse guard in the entanglement context — facing away from the opponent with a leg captured. Outside heel hook and kneebar Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse Guard LE alias Reverse guard in the entanglement context — facing away from the opponent with a leg captured. Outside heel hook and kneebar Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse Heel Hook alias The inside heel hook — primary submission from cross ashi / saddle. Loads the ACL and medial structures through internal Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse hook tripod alias Reverse tripod sweep — push-pull base disruption from the reverse DLR hook. Same mechanics as the standard tripod. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse kesa alias Reverse kesa gatame — kesa rotated 180 degrees, top player facing the feet. Near arm and leg controlled from the reverse side. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse Kesa Gatame Reverse kesa gatame — kesa rotated 180 degrees, top player facing the feet. Near arm and leg controlled from the reverse side. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse Kesa Gatame — Bottom Reverse kesa gatame bottom — defending the reverse scarf hold. Top player hip-seated facing the defender's feet; primary threat is the near-arm kimura. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse kimura alias The hammerlock folds the opponent's arm behind their back, attacking the shoulder via internal rotation and extension. Applied from side control and back control when the arm is exposed.
- Reverse leg triangle alias Reverse triangle (hantaisankaku) — leg crosses the front of the neck from the opposite direction. Available from north-south. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse scarf hold alias Reverse kesa gatame — kesa rotated 180 degrees, top player facing the feet. Near arm and leg controlled from the reverse side. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse scarf hold bottom alias Reverse kesa gatame bottom — defending the reverse scarf hold. Top player hip-seated facing the defender's feet; primary threat is the near-arm kimura. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse Triangle Reverse triangle (hantaisankaku) — leg crosses the front of the neck from the opposite direction. Available from north-south. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse Tripod Sweep Reverse tripod sweep — push-pull base disruption from the reverse DLR hook. Same mechanics as the standard tripod. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse X Reverse X is the inverted X-guard variant that creates direct cross ashi entries and back takes. The leg configuration exposes Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse X counter alias Ushiro X pass — deny the hip inversion, close the inside space, and defeat the cross ashi / back take dilemma from reverse X guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Reverse X Guard alias Reverse X is the inverted X-guard variant that creates direct cross ashi entries and back takes. The leg configuration exposes Submission grappling reference.
- RNC alias The primary submission from back control. Bilateral carotid compression applied from the seatbelt or body triangle. The most Submission grappling reference.
- RNC escape alias Rear naked choke escape — chin tuck, grip fight, seat drop, strong-side turn, Peterson roll. Prevention is the primary defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Roll-through necktie escape alias Peruvian necktie escape — deny the front headlock, block the leg swing, base against the roll, and extract the head on the exposed side. Submission grappling reference.
- Rolling armbar from turtle alias Shotgun armbar — rolling armbar entry from turtle top or folkstyle ride. The attacker traps the near arm and rolls through to finish. Entry mechanics distinct from the standard armbar.
- Rolling back take alias Berimbolo — inverted rolling from De la Riva, RDLR, 50/50, seated guard. Exits to back control, crab ride, leg entanglements. Submission grappling reference.
- Rolling leg lock entry alias Imanari roll — inverted standing-to-ground entry threading directly to ashi garami or cross ashi garami. Submission grappling reference.
- Rolls and Reversal Mechanics Rolls and reversals — Granby roll, inside arm roll, outside arm roll. Guard recovery mechanics from turtle and bottom positions. Submission grappling reference.
- Rubber Guard Rubber guard — leg-behind-neck guard pinning posture and freeing both hands. Platform for omoplata, gogoplata, and triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Russian Tie Russian tie — two hands on one arm; superior arm control for single leg, double leg, ankle pick, and arm drag entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Russian tie kimura alias Standing kimura — figure-four shoulder lock applied and finished from standing. Russian tie, underhook, and single leg defence entries. Submission grappling reference.
S
156- S-Mount S-mount — high mount with one leg over the far arm. Opens armbar, mounted triangle, and kimura from the top position. Submission grappling reference.
- S-Mount — Bottom S-mount bottom — defending the high mount with one leg over the far arm. Armbar, mounted triangle, and kimura are all seconds away; defence must prevent arm extension and the fall-back.
- S-Mount Escape Techniques S-mount escape — hide the elbow, stack the fall-back, hitchhiker escape, stuff-and-spin. Arm protection is the primary priority because the arm is already isolated. Submission grappling reference.
- Sacrifice throw (rear) alias Tani otoshi (valley drop) — one leg steps behind and between the opponent's legs; the attacker drops backward, pulling the upper body down while the blocking leg removes the opponent's base.
- Sacrifice throw from guard alias Butterfly sumi — sacrifice throw from butterfly guard: backward fall, hook lift, chest connection. Weight drives the reversal. Submission grappling reference.
- Saddle alias Cross ashi garami — inside heel hook position: saddle, inside sankaku, honey hole. Hardest to escape; shortest injury timeline. Submission grappling reference.
- Saddle calf compression alias Mikey lock — calf compression applied from cross ashi / saddle, transitioning from inside heel hook attempts. Same mechanical target as the calf slicer but entered from a different position.
- Saddle Finish alias The inside heel hook — primary submission from cross ashi / saddle. Loads the ACL and medial structures through internal Submission grappling reference.
- Sambo Knot alias Game Over (Z-lock, Leg Knot) — an entanglement in which the attacker controls both of the opponent's legs in a crossed configuration. Immediate heel hook and toe hold access.
- Sankaku from mount alias Mounted triangle — triangle choke from mount. Legs encircle neck and one arm from above; bilateral carotid compression from top. Submission grappling reference.
- Sankaku jime alias Triangle — bilateral carotid compression from guard. Opponent's inside arm presses against their neck to close half the choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Sankaku jime escape alias Triangle escape — posture, hide the arm, spin before the lock, double under, tilt, stack and walk. Early defence is essential. Submission grappling reference.
- Sankaku-garami escape alias Omoplata escape — posture forward, forward roll, cartwheel over, step over the head. Shoulder defence from guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Sao Paulo Pass alias The Tozi pass drops the near shoulder under a butterfly or X-guard hook, trapping it to the mat with body weight and passing over the trapped leg. Also known as Sao Paulo Pass and Wilson Pass.
- Saulo break alias Kneeling closed guard break — open the closed guard without standing. Sit back onto heels, wedge elbow to far knee, push outward while keeping posture. Low-risk alternative to standing.
- Scapula Grip alias The claw grip is a transitional upper body control from the folkstyle wrestling family. The curved-finger grip on the near Submission grappling reference.
- Scarf hold alias Kesa gatame — hip-seated position securing head and near arm. Weight distribution and arm structure are the control mechanism. Submission grappling reference.
- Scarf hold bottom alias Kesa gatame bottom — defending the scarf hold. Top player seated perpendicular with head-and-arm control; near arm trapped under the top player's armpit. Submission grappling reference.
- Scarf hold escape alias Kesa gatame escape — posting frame, bridge and roll reversal, granby exit, pummelling to recover the trapped arm, hip-out to half guard. Written from the defender's perspective.
- Scissor Sweep The scissor sweep in no-gi: shin-across-the-thigh and heel-hook-behind-the-knee mechanics as a fundamental weight-unloading Submission grappling reference.
- Scissors sweep alias The scissor sweep in no-gi: shin-across-the-thigh and heel-hook-behind-the-knee mechanics as a fundamental weight-unloading Submission grappling reference.
- Scissors takedown alias Kani Basami — scissors takedown. Sacrifice technique with elevated knee injury risk. Elite-level timing and angle requirement. Heavily ruleset-restricted. Submission grappling reference.
- Scorpion / Lower Leg Shift Scorpion — half guard variant with trapping foot outside the top player's knee. Opens waiter sweep and back take. Submission grappling reference.
- Scorpion back take alias Half scorpion back take — top player ducks and drives hips up to defend the sweep, exposing the back for the bottom player. Submission grappling reference.
- Scorpion Pass Scorpion pass — defeat the outside knee hook, deny the hip extension sweep, and pass the lower-leg-shift half guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Scorpion position alias Scorpion — half guard variant with trapping foot outside the top player's knee. Opens waiter sweep and back take. Submission grappling reference.
- Scorpion position sweep alias Half scorpion sweep — near knee hook and underhook tip the top player to side control. Back take opens when top player ducks. Submission grappling reference.
- Scorpion Sweep Half scorpion sweep — near knee hook and underhook tip the top player to side control. Back take opens when top player ducks. Submission grappling reference.
- Scorpion to Back Take Half scorpion back take — top player ducks and drives hips up to defend the sweep, exposing the back for the bottom player. Submission grappling reference.
- Scramble framework alias Scramble framework — three-task hierarchy, height and hip height principle, position selection and decision-making. Submission grappling reference.
- Scramble hierarchy alias Scramble framework — three-task hierarchy, height and hip height principle, position selection and decision-making. Submission grappling reference.
- Scramble Principles Scramble framework — three-task hierarchy, height and hip height principle, position selection and decision-making. Submission grappling reference.
- Scramble triangle alias Trapped triangle — triangle around a trapped arm and neck; the arm presses against the carotid as the triangle tightens. Submission grappling reference.
- Scythe sweep alias The sickle sweep hooks the bottom player's leg behind the standing opponent's far ankle in a scything motion, pulling the ankle out while pushing the upper body. From seated and sitting guard.
- Seatbelt Control Seatbelt back control — over-under grip with strangle hand over the shoulder, control hand under the armpit. Submission grappling reference.
- Seatbelt Defence Back escape from seatbelt — chin tuck, hook removal, hip turn, face the opponent. Three-step system with staged defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Seatbelt grip alias Seatbelt back control — over-under grip with strangle hand over the shoulder, control hand under the armpit. Submission grappling reference.
- Seated Guard Seated guard is the foundational open guard — feet active between the passer's knees, head up, hands ready to frame or attack. Submission grappling reference.
- Seated Guard Engagement Seated guard engagement — first-contact actions that convert a live seated guard into a passable supine guard. Closing distance, hand-fighting, denying butterfly hooks, flattening the bottom.
- Seated guard pass entry alias Seated guard engagement — first-contact actions that convert a live seated guard into a passable supine guard. Closing distance, hand-fighting, denying butterfly hooks, flattening the bottom.
- Seventy-Thirty alias 70/30 (80/20) — asymmetric leg entanglement where one player controls a larger share of the leg, creating heel hook advantage. Submission grappling reference.
- Shelf Shelf — leg ride variant with the near leg lifted across the top player’s thigh, exposing the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Shield pass alias Knee shield break — neutralise the Z-guard / half-guard shield by crushing, stepping over, or pummelling under the blocking knee. Required for passing any shield-style half guard.
- Shin-on-Shin Shin-on-shin is a fundamental seated guard entry position — the connecting configuration between seated guard and single leg X Submission grappling reference.
- Shin-on-Shin Guard alias Shin-on-shin is a fundamental seated guard entry position — the connecting configuration between seated guard and single leg X Submission grappling reference.
- Shin-to-throat defence alias Domplata bottom — defending the shin-to-throat compression from mount with one arm trapped. Defence is pre-emptive (deny the arm isolation) or immediate (tap on first throat pressure).
- Shoelace Heist Reversal Shoelace heist — stand-up reversal from single leg X with heel-outside grip. Bottom player stands and converts to top. Submission grappling reference.
- Shoelace stand-up alias Shoelace heist — stand-up reversal from single leg X with heel-outside grip. Bottom player stands and converts to top. Submission grappling reference.
- Shoelace sweep alias Shoelace heist — stand-up reversal from single leg X with heel-outside grip. Bottom player stands and converts to top. Submission grappling reference.
- Short Choke Short choke — rear strangle using the under-chin arm path. Primary option when chin tuck blocks the rear naked choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Short Sit The short sit is a folkstyle bottom escape — sit out to the near side, swinging the near hip and leg out from referee's position bottom, to face the top player from seated. Initiates the reversal.
- Shotgun Armbar Shotgun armbar — rolling armbar entry from turtle top or folkstyle ride. The attacker traps the near arm and rolls through to finish. Entry mechanics distinct from the standard armbar.
- Shoulder choke alias The Von Flue choke is a counter submission applied when the opponent attempts an arm-in guillotine from the bottom. The top Submission grappling reference.
- Shoulder choke position alias Kata gatame — head-and-arm control for the arm triangle. Shoulder into neck, arm trapped; creates bilateral carotid compression. Submission grappling reference.
- Shoulder Claw alias The claw grip is a transitional upper body control from the folkstyle wrestling family. The curved-finger grip on the near Submission grappling reference.
- Shoulder guard alias High guard — closed guard variant with elevated hips and legs riding high. Primary platform for triangle and armbar entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Shoulder lock (informal) alias Cross-chest armbar — attacks the arm crossing the chest when opponent frames from side control. Compresses the elbow downward. Submission grappling reference.
- Shoulder lock control position alias Omoplata control — arm trapped in the legs; submission always available as a threat. Platform for sweeps and back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Shoulder lock from guard alias Omoplata — legs trap the arm and drive the shoulder into internal rotation. Positional use is on a separate page. Submission grappling reference.
- Shoulder wheel throw alias Fireman's carry — drops under the arm and through the legs to load the opponent across the shoulders. Shoulder is the fulcrum. Submission grappling reference.
- Shuck alias The snap down pulls the opponent's head sharply downward from a collar tie or head control, forcing them to turtle or four-point. A foundational setup for front headlock and back control entries.
- Sickle Sweep The sickle sweep hooks the bottom player's leg behind the standing opponent's far ankle in a scything motion, pulling the ankle out while pushing the upper body. From seated and sitting guard.
- Side Control — Bottom The defensive view of side control — when the opponent has completed a pass and holds the pin. The most common situation Submission grappling reference.
- Side Control — Top Side control — chest-to-chest pin after a guard pass. Primary platform for kimura, arm triangle, D’Arce, and transitions. Submission grappling reference.
- Side Control Escape Techniques Side control escape techniques — hip escape, ghost escape, Granby roll, single leg escape, underhook recovery. Submission grappling reference.
- Side drop alias The lateral drop drops the practitioner to the side while pulling the opponent's upper body across, throwing them over the dropping body. Applied from body locks, underhooks, and collar ties.
- Side headlock (wrestling) alias Kata gatame from front headlock — chest pins near arm against neck; attacking arm over the neck completes the triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Side mount alias Side control — chest-to-chest pin after a guard pass. Primary platform for kimura, arm triangle, D’Arce, and transitions. Submission grappling reference.
- Side mount escape alias Side control escape techniques — hip escape, ghost escape, Granby roll, single leg escape, underhook recovery. Submission grappling reference.
- Side pin escape alias Side control escape techniques — hip escape, ghost escape, Granby roll, single leg escape, underhook recovery. Submission grappling reference.
- Side Scissors Sweep The side scissors sweep from closed guard: hip-escaping laterally to attack a perpendicular angle and sweep the passer with crossed-leg pressure.
- Side Triangle Side triangle — triangle from a lateral position. Hip drive is lateral. Available from side control and north-south. Submission grappling reference.
- Side triangle choke alias Side triangle — triangle from a lateral position. Hip drive is lateral. Available from side control and north-south. Submission grappling reference.
- Single alias Single leg — penetration step to the outside of the near leg; shoulder drives through to complete the takedown. Submission grappling reference.
- Single Collar Tie The single collar tie — one hand on the back of the opponent's head — is the standard initial engagement position. It controls Submission grappling reference.
- Single Leg Entry Single leg — penetration step to the outside of the near leg; shoulder drives through to complete the takedown. Submission grappling reference.
- Single leg takedown alias Single leg — penetration step to the outside of the near leg; shoulder drives through to complete the takedown. Submission grappling reference.
- Single Leg X Single Leg X in the guard context — where ashi garami is established as a guard configuration before the entanglement is Submission grappling reference.
- Single Leg X Guard alias Single Leg X in the guard context — where ashi garami is established as a guard configuration before the entanglement is Submission grappling reference.
- Single Outside alias Outside ashi garami — outside leg entanglement variant; outside heel hook is the primary submission from this position. Submission grappling reference.
- Single shoulder throw alias Ippon Seoi Nage — single shoulder throw; drop variant most used in no-gi competition. Arm over shoulder, hip and back rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Sit-back guard break alias Kneeling closed guard break — open the closed guard without standing. Sit back onto heels, wedge elbow to far knee, push outward while keeping posture. Low-risk alternative to standing.
- Sit-out alias The short sit is a folkstyle bottom escape — sit out to the near side, swinging the near hip and leg out from referee's position bottom, to face the top player from seated. Initiates the reversal.
- Sit-Out and Stand-Up Mechanics Sit-out and stand-up mechanics — highest-priority exit in the scramble hierarchy. Technical execution from bottom positions. Submission grappling reference.
- Sit-up guard engagement alias Seated guard engagement — first-contact actions that convert a live seated guard into a passable supine guard. Closing distance, hand-fighting, denying butterfly hooks, flattening the bottom.
- Sit-up sweep alias Hip bump sweep — sit-up, wrist control, and hip explosion from closed guard. Creates immediate sweep or kimura entry. Submission grappling reference.
- Sitout roll alias Rolls and reversals — Granby roll, inside arm roll, outside arm roll. Guard recovery mechanics from turtle and bottom positions. Submission grappling reference.
- Sleeper hold alias The primary submission from back control. Bilateral carotid compression applied from the seatbelt or body triangle. The most Submission grappling reference.
- Sleeve choke alias The Ezekiel choke in no-gi: the attacking arm is inserted under the opponent's chin, the gripping arm holds the wrist. The Submission grappling reference.
- Slide by alias The go behind is a standing position change from a front or side position to a full rear position, stepping or spinning around the opponent's side. Foundation for standing back takes and body locks.
- SLX alias Ashi garami (single leg X) — foundational leg entanglement; inside space prevents extraction and creates heel hook access. Submission grappling reference.
- SLX back entry alias SLX back take — from Single Leg X, invert toward the opponent’s back and take the seatbelt position. Submission grappling reference.
- SLX Back Take SLX back take — from Single Leg X, invert toward the opponent’s back and take the seatbelt position. Submission grappling reference.
- SLX Guard alias Single Leg X in the guard context — where ashi garami is established as a guard configuration before the entanglement is Submission grappling reference.
- SLX stand-up alias Shoelace heist — stand-up reversal from single leg X with heel-outside grip. Bottom player stands and converts to top. Submission grappling reference.
- SLX Stand-Up Sweep SLX stand-up sweep — from Single Leg X, extend the inside hook to force the opponent up, then finish the takedown. Submission grappling reference.
- Smash Pass Smash pass — stack and flatten the guard player’s legs; drive through the knee shield with shoulder pressure to complete. Submission grappling reference.
- Smash pass variant alias The split squat pass: a pressure-based half guard pass using a wide split stance to flatten the bottom player and grind through the guard.
- Snap Down The snap down pulls the opponent's head sharply downward from a collar tie or head control, forcing them to turtle or four-point. A foundational setup for front headlock and back control entries.
- Snap-down position alias The standing front headlock: head-and-arm control from the upright position. The clinch-level position that precedes the ground Submission grappling reference.
- Sode guruma jime escape alias Ezekiel choke escape (no-gi) — chin tuck before the insertion, peel the inserting arm's wrist, turn into the elbow side, bridge and recover. Submission grappling reference.
- SOS alias Shin-on-shin is a fundamental seated guard entry position — the connecting configuration between seated guard and single leg X Submission grappling reference.
- Spin behind alias The go behind is a standing position change from a front or side position to a full rear position, stepping or spinning around the opponent's side. Foundation for standing back takes and body locks.
- Spinal Hook alias Twister hook — one leg threaded between the opponent's legs to limit spinal rotation. Entry to the truck position. Submission grappling reference.
- Spinal lock alias The Twister is a spinal rotation submission executed from the truck (crab ride) position. One leg hooks between the opponent's Submission grappling reference.
- Spinning under entry alias Imanari roll — inverted standing-to-ground entry threading directly to ashi garami or cross ashi garami. Submission grappling reference.
- Spiral breakdown alias Spiral ride — top control in a spiral path around the turtle. Breaks the base; opens back take and leg entanglement routes. Submission grappling reference.
- Spiral Ride Spiral ride — top control in a spiral path around the turtle. Breaks the base; opens back take and leg entanglement routes. Submission grappling reference.
- Split Squat Pass The split squat pass: a pressure-based half guard pass using a wide split stance to flatten the bottom player and grind through the guard.
- Splitsville alias Electric chair — from deep half, far leg captured and extended to stretch the inner thigh. Categorised in the kimura system. Submission grappling reference.
- Sprawl Sprawl — defensive hip-weight transfer against single- and double-leg shots. Entry to the front headlock family. Leads to ground control, guillotine, D'arce, and anaconda.
- Sprawl Sprawl — primary takedown defence: hips down, legs behind the attacker. Creates front headlock for guillotines and anacondas. Submission grappling reference.
- Sprawl and brawl alias Sprawl — defensive hip-weight transfer against single- and double-leg shots. Entry to the front headlock family. Leads to ground control, guillotine, D'arce, and anaconda.
- Sprawl position alias Front headlock ground control — cervical spine control that leads the body. Primary platform for guillotine, D’Arce, anaconda. Submission grappling reference.
- Stack pass alias Double under pass — both arms under the bottom player’s legs; stack upright, cartwheel or dump to complete. Submission grappling reference.
- Stack Position The stack position is a guard passing pressure tool in which the top player drives the bottom player's hips up over their Submission grappling reference.
- Stacking alias The stack position is a guard passing pressure tool in which the top player drives the bottom player's hips up over their Submission grappling reference.
- Stacking defence against ashi alias Standing passer against an opponent in a leg entanglement — ashi garami, outside ashi, cross ashi, 50/50. Stacking pressure, staying vertical, and countering leg-lock entries.
- Stand-up from turtle alias Wrestling up is the act of returning to a standing base from the turtle bottom position. It is the primary proactive escape Submission grappling reference.
- Standard Triangle Triangle — bilateral carotid compression from guard. Opponent's inside arm presses against their neck to close half the choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing Standing — the default start of all grappling exchanges. Stance, base, and distance management determine what is available. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing 50/50 counter alias Standing passer against an opponent in a leg entanglement — ashi garami, outside ashi, cross ashi, 50/50. Stacking pressure, staying vertical, and countering leg-lock entries.
- Standing back control alias Backpack position — chest-to-back back control without leg hooks. Double overhooks or seatbelt with no hooks set. Transitional or standing back control context. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing closed-guard break alias Standing passer against an opponent lying on their back — closed guard, De la Riva, X-guard. Gravity-assisted pressure, leg stretching, and footwork around extended legs.
- Standing double wristlock alias Standing kimura — figure-four shoulder lock applied and finished from standing. Russian tie, underhook, and single leg defence entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing Front Headlock Standing front headlock — after a snap down; guillotine, D’Arce, and back take entries before the opponent recovers. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing guard break alias Standing closed guard break — the primary method of opening a closed guard in no-gi. Post on the hips, stand with one knee up, and drop weight through the wedge to open the lock.
- Standing headlock alias Standing front headlock — after a snap down; guillotine, D’Arce, and back take entries before the opponent recovers. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing Kimura Standing kimura — figure-four shoulder lock applied and finished from standing. Russian tie, underhook, and single leg defence entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing leg lock defence alias Standing passer against an opponent in a leg entanglement — ashi garami, outside ashi, cross ashi, 50/50. Stacking pressure, staying vertical, and countering leg-lock entries.
- Standing open-guard passing alias Standing passer against an opponent lying on their back — closed guard, De la Riva, X-guard. Gravity-assisted pressure, leg stretching, and footwork around extended legs.
- Standing outside ashi alias Outside ashi standing — transitional leg control while the opponent is upright; entry into ground leg entanglement system. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing pass vs butterfly alias Standing passer against a seated guard player — butterfly, shin-on-shin, seated. Grip fighting, distance management, and preventing wrestle-ups. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing posture break alias Standing closed guard break — the primary method of opening a closed guard in no-gi. Post on the hips, stand with one knee up, and drop weight through the wedge to open the lock.
- Standing rear naked choke alias Standing RNC — rear naked choke applied from standing back control before hooks are established. Different technical demands from the ground RNC. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing RNC Standing RNC — rear naked choke applied from standing back control before hooks are established. Different technical demands from the ground RNC. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing vs butt scoot alias Standing passer against a seated guard player — butterfly, shin-on-shin, seated. Grip fighting, distance management, and preventing wrestle-ups. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing vs Entangled Guard Standing passer against an opponent in a leg entanglement — ashi garami, outside ashi, cross ashi, 50/50. Stacking pressure, staying vertical, and countering leg-lock entries.
- Standing vs Seated Guard Standing passer against a seated guard player — butterfly, shin-on-shin, seated. Grip fighting, distance management, and preventing wrestle-ups. Submission grappling reference.
- Standing vs Supine Guard Standing passer against an opponent lying on their back — closed guard, De la Riva, X-guard. Gravity-assisted pressure, leg stretching, and footwork around extended legs.
- Step-out mount alias Technical mount — one knee grounded, the other leg stepped out flat beside the opponent's hip. Opens back take entries, arm triangle access, and armbar opportunities. Distinct from S-mount.
- Step-out mount bottom alias Technical mount bottom — defending the stepped-out mount. One foot posted beside the defender's hip, back take and arm triangle imminent; the defender is mid-turn between flat mount and back exposure.
- Step-over mount alias S-mount — high mount with one leg over the far arm. Opens armbar, mounted triangle, and kimura from the top position. Submission grappling reference.
- Straight Ankle Lock The straight ankle lock — Achilles lock — is the foundational lower limb submission. Legal in all major rulesets. Understanding Submission grappling reference.
- Straight Ankle Lock Escape Straight ankle lock escape — boot defence, hide the heel, pommel the knee line, pull out to combat base. Foundational leg lock defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Straight arm lock alias Armbar — elbow hyperextension with hip as fulcrum, arm isolated from body. Connects to triangle and kimura via chain attacks. Submission grappling reference.
- Straight Arm Shoulder Lock Straight shoulder lock — arm in extension; downward shoulder pressure. Available from mount, side control, and knee on belly. Submission grappling reference.
- Straight armlock escape alias Armbar escape — grip fight, stack, elbow pummel, leg trap, hitchhiker. The hitchhiker is the canonical no-gi armbar escape. Submission grappling reference.
- Straight Foot Lock alias The straight ankle lock — Achilles lock — is the foundational lower limb submission. Legal in all major rulesets. Understanding Submission grappling reference.
- Straitjacket Straitjacket back control in no-gi: the opponent's near arm is trapped between the attacker's legs while back control is Submission grappling reference.
- Suloev Stretch The Suloev stretch is a posterior knee submission from back control, hyperextending the opponent's isolated leg by driving hips down against posterior knee structures. Distinct from the kneebar.
- Sumi gaeshi from butterfly alias Butterfly sumi — sacrifice throw from butterfly guard: backward fall, hook lift, chest connection. Weight drives the reversal. Submission grappling reference.
- Sumi gaeshi position alias Pinch headlock — underhook at the elbow with head pulled tight. Threatens sumi gaeshi, back take, and leg entanglement entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Supine Guard Supine guard — lying on the back with feet active, used as a transitional state to reach seated guard or leg entanglement entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Suplex The suplex lifts the opponent from a rear body lock and arches backward, throwing them overhead. A high-amplitude Greco-Roman throw with German, headlock, and belly-to-back variants.
- Sweeping hip throw alias Harai Goshi — sweeping hip throw; full hip insertion with outer thigh/hip sweep. Companion to Uchi Mata; similar entries, different leg target. Submission grappling reference.
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69- Tani Otoshi Tani otoshi (valley drop) — one leg steps behind and between the opponent's legs; the attacker drops backward, pulling the upper body down while the blocking leg removes the opponent's base.
- Tarikoplata Tarikoplata — shoulder lock using a leg triangle over the arm from guard. Leg-based rotation loads the shoulder joint. Submission grappling reference.
- Tate shiho gatame alias The mount is the highest-percentage finishing position in top grappling. The top player sits on the opponent's torso Submission grappling reference.
- Tate shiho gatame escape alias Mount escape — trap and roll, elbow-knee, ghost, kipping, foot drag, bridge to turtle. Written from the defender's perspective. Submission grappling reference.
- Tate shiho variation alias Knee on belly — knee into the torso; reactions are exploited. Pushing opens the armbar; reaching opens the triangle. Submission grappling reference.
- Technical Mount Technical mount — one knee grounded, the other leg stepped out flat beside the opponent's hip. Opens back take entries, arm triangle access, and armbar opportunities. Distinct from S-mount.
- Technical Mount — Bottom Technical mount bottom — defending the stepped-out mount. One foot posted beside the defender's hip, back take and arm triangle imminent; the defender is mid-turn between flat mount and back exposure.
- Technical Mount Escape Techniques Technical mount escape — spin out to re-flatten, roll back to half guard, reverse-technical when the opponent stays high. Seatbelt hand-fighting and back-take denial. Submission grappling reference.
- Technical stand-up alias Sit-out and stand-up mechanics — highest-priority exit in the scramble hierarchy. Technical execution from bottom positions. Submission grappling reference.
- Texas cloverleaf alias Calf slicer — calf compressed against attacker’s bone; loads the knee through combined compression and rotation. Submission grappling reference.
- Thai plum single alias The single collar tie — one hand on the back of the opponent's head — is the standard initial engagement position. It controls Submission grappling reference.
- The Reap The reap — seated guard entry threading inside leg across. Creates ashi, outside ashi, or cross ashi depending on the response. Submission grappling reference.
- The scramble alias The dogfight is the neutral kneeling scramble that arises from half guard when both players are fighting for the underhook. Submission grappling reference.
- The Split alias The Banana Split is a hip and adductor submission applied from cross ashi / saddle / honey hole. One leg is pushed forward Submission grappling reference.
- The Twister alias The Twister is a spinal rotation submission executed from the truck (crab ride) position. One leg hooks between the opponent's Submission grappling reference.
- Three-point choke escape alias Triangle escape — posture, hide the arm, spin before the lock, double under, tilt, stack and walk. Early defence is essential. Submission grappling reference.
- Three-quarter juji alias The 3/4 armbar is the bent-arm counter to the standard armbar — entered when the opponent bends their arm to defend. Rather Submission grappling reference.
- Tight waist ride alias The Iowa ride combines a tight waist with near arm or leg control for sustained top pressure. The signature finish is the tight waist tilt — rotating from turtle to the back via the waist grip.
- Tight waist tilt alias The Iowa ride combines a tight waist with near arm or leg control for sustained top pressure. The signature finish is the tight waist tilt — rotating from turtle to the back via the waist grip.
- Toe Hold The toe hold attacks the foot and ankle through rotation. Available from multiple leg entanglement positions. Restricted in some competitive formats.
- Toe Hold Escape Toe hold escape — deny the grip, straighten the knee, rotate the foot internally, stack and counter. Elevated-risk leg lock defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Toehold alias The toe hold attacks the foot and ankle through rotation. Available from multiple leg entanglement positions. Restricted in some competitive formats.
- Tomoe nage (judo equivalent from standing) alias The overhead sweep from closed guard in no-gi: using the passer's forward pressure against them to roll them overhead and come up on top.
- Top Butterfly Guard Top butterfly — low base requirement to manage hook exposure; passing frameworks from butterfly top. Submission grappling reference.
- Top Half Guard Top half guard — underhook battle and flattening mechanics; passing options: back step, knee cut, and toreando. Submission grappling reference.
- Top half pass alias Half guard passing in no-gi — extracting a trapped leg from half guard. Flatten the bottom, win the whizzer-underhook fight, then branch to smash, knee-cut, back-step, or leg-drag.
- Top kimura position alias North-south is an underutilised control position where the top player is chest-to-chest with the opponent but facing the feet. Submission grappling reference.
- Top triangle alias Mounted triangle — triangle choke from mount. Legs encircle neck and one arm from above; bilateral carotid compression from top. Submission grappling reference.
- Top triangle escape alias Mounted triangle escape — prevent the S-mount arm isolation, block the leg crossing the neck, stack-and-drive the trapped arm out, posture up through the lock. Submission grappling reference.
- Toreando Pass The toreando (bullfighter) pass in no-gi: controlling both shins and redirecting the legs to pass around to the side. The Submission grappling reference.
- Tozi Pass The Tozi pass drops the near shoulder under a butterfly or X-guard hook, trapping it to the mat with body weight and passing over the trapped leg. Also known as Sao Paulo Pass and Wilson Pass.
- Train lock alias Tren Lock — ankle lock from the truck position using both arms around the near leg with a rotational body drive. Submission grappling reference.
- Transition Chains — What Follows What and Why The complete positional transition map: what follows what and why, derived from the canonical relationship table. Covers all Submission grappling reference.
- Transition flow chart alias The complete positional transition map: what follows what and why, derived from the canonical relationship table. Covers all Submission grappling reference.
- Transition principles alias Scramble framework — three-task hierarchy, height and hip height principle, position selection and decision-making. Submission grappling reference.
- Transitional mount alias Quarter mount — top position at 45 degrees between side control and mount. Natural intermediate in the mount entry sequence. Submission grappling reference.
- Trapped arm triangle alias Trapped triangle — triangle around a trapped arm and neck; the arm presses against the carotid as the triangle tightens. Submission grappling reference.
- Trapped Triangle Trapped triangle — triangle around a trapped arm and neck; the arm presses against the carotid as the triangle tightens. Submission grappling reference.
- Trapped-arm mount alias Gift wrap bottom — your own arm folded across your face and controlled from mount, neutralising a primary defensive tool. Defence is a race against the back take, not a pin escape.
- Tren Lock Tren Lock — ankle lock from the truck position using both arms around the near leg with a rotational body drive. Submission grappling reference.
- Triangle armlock escape alias Omoplata escape — posture forward, forward roll, cartwheel over, step over the head. Shoulder defence from guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Triangle choke alias Triangle — bilateral carotid compression from guard. Opponent's inside arm presses against their neck to close half the choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Triangle Choke Escape Triangle escape — posture, hide the arm, spin before the lock, double under, tilt, stack and walk. Early defence is essential. Submission grappling reference.
- Triangle position alias Closed guard — legs locked around the top player’s waist, passing blocked until opened. Sweeps and submissions from bottom. Submission grappling reference.
- Tripod Pass The tripod pass: using a foot-on-hip and shin-control combination to break the guard and step through. A standing pass complementary to the toreando.
- Tripod Sweep Tripod sweep — opposing push-pull forces; one foot on the hip, one hand on the ankle, removing the opponent’s base. Submission grappling reference.
- Tripod sweep counter alias The tripod pass: using a foot-on-hip and shin-control combination to break the guard and step through. A standing pass complementary to the toreando.
- Truck / Crab Ride Truck (crab ride) — elevated control of one leg behind the turtled opponent; heel hook and back take access. Submission grappling reference.
- Truck ankle lock alias Tren Lock — ankle lock from the truck position using both arms around the near leg with a rotational body drive. Submission grappling reference.
- Truck Control alias Truck (crab ride) — elevated control of one leg behind the turtled opponent; heel hook and back take access. Submission grappling reference.
- Truck Position alias Truck (crab ride) — elevated control of one leg behind the turtled opponent; heel hook and back take access. Submission grappling reference.
- Turk Turk — folkstyle control under the near arm and around the neck. Kimura is the primary submission; flattening is the objective. Submission grappling reference.
- Turk Ride alias Turk — folkstyle control under the near arm and around the neck. Kimura is the primary submission; flattening is the objective. Submission grappling reference.
- Turtle — Bottom (Defending) Turtle bottom — four-tier escape hierarchy and common defensive failures. Exit before seatbelt or headlock is established. Submission grappling reference.
- Turtle — Top (Attacking) Turtle top — Jones attack hierarchy, back take pathways, crucifix entry, four-point breakdown. Attacking the turtled opponent. Submission grappling reference.
- Turtle base alias Back escape to turtle — when face-out isn't available, belly-down and recover to turtle. Flattens the attacker's strangle threat, exits via all-fours posture. Submission grappling reference.
- Turtle bottom alias Turtle bottom — four-tier escape hierarchy and common defensive failures. Exit before seatbelt or headlock is established. Submission grappling reference.
- Turtle Escape Techniques Turtle escape techniques — Granby roll, sit-out, switch, Peterson roll, hip heist. Transitional position exit. Submission grappling reference.
- Turtle inversion back take alias Kiss of the Dragon — Granby roll under the opponent from turtle bottom to expose the back. Direct back take entry. Submission grappling reference.
- Turtle roll armbar alias Shotgun armbar — rolling armbar entry from turtle top or folkstyle ride. The attacker traps the near arm and rolls through to finish. Entry mechanics distinct from the standard armbar.
- Turtle top alias Turtle top — Jones attack hierarchy, back take pathways, crucifix entry, four-point breakdown. Attacking the turtled opponent. Submission grappling reference.
- Twisted mount escape alias S-mount escape — hide the elbow, stack the fall-back, hitchhiker escape, stuff-and-spin. Arm protection is the primary priority because the arm is already isolated. Submission grappling reference.
- Twister The Twister is a spinal rotation submission executed from the truck (crab ride) position. One leg hooks between the opponent's Submission grappling reference.
- Twister Hook Twister hook — one leg threaded between the opponent's legs to limit spinal rotation. Entry to the truck position. Submission grappling reference.
- Twister Side Control Twister side control is the positional platform for the Twister submission sequence. Specific body and leg positioning create access to the truck and the Twister hook. From 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu.
- Twisting arm control alias Mir Lock — straight arm shoulder and elbow submission; arm extended then cranked to load both the elbow and shoulder. Submission grappling reference.
- Two-on-one alias Russian tie — two hands on one arm; superior arm control for single leg, double leg, ankle pick, and arm drag entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Two-on-one butterfly alias Butterfly arm drag — arm drag clears the near arm, exposing the back or creating a single leg angle. Back take or sweep. Submission grappling reference.
- Two-on-one shins alias Double shin guard sweep in no-gi: controlling both shins to disrupt posture and force a sweep or leg entanglement. Covers Submission grappling reference.
U
23- Uchi Mata Uchi mata — inner thigh reap throw. One of the highest-percentage judo throws, increasingly dominant in elite no-gi competition. Submission grappling reference.
- Ude garami (inside) alias Kimura — figure-four shoulder lock in internal rotation and extension. The submission finish of the system; powers back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Ude garami (outside) alias Americana — figure-four to the mat in external rotation. Inverse of the kimura. Primary submission from mount. Submission grappling reference.
- Ude garami escape alias Kimura escape — elbow to body, thigh grip, walk the wall, kimura counter roll. Early connection prevents arm isolation. Submission grappling reference.
- Under crucifix alias Crucifix bottom — near arm trapped between top player legs, bottom player on the side. Entry prevention is the primary defence. Submission grappling reference.
- Under knee on belly alias Knee on belly bottom — top knee into the abdomen. Instinctive push opens the armbar. Two-hand removal is the correct response. Submission grappling reference.
- Under mount alias Mount bottom — defending full mount, the highest-danger pin. Top player across the hips; preventing high mount is the priority. Submission grappling reference.
- Under north-south alias North-south bottom — opponent facing the feet, weight on the chest. Kimura threat is immediate. Primary escape: bridge and hip. Submission grappling reference.
- Under reverse kesa alias Reverse kesa gatame bottom — defending the reverse scarf hold. Top player hip-seated facing the defender's feet; primary threat is the near-arm kimura. Submission grappling reference.
- Under scarf hold alias Kesa gatame bottom — defending the scarf hold. Top player seated perpendicular with head-and-arm control; near arm trapped under the top player's armpit. Submission grappling reference.
- Under side control alias The defensive view of side control — when the opponent has completed a pass and holds the pin. The most common situation Submission grappling reference.
- Under tani otoshi pin alias Knee on belly bottom — top knee into the abdomen. Instinctive push opens the armbar. Two-hand removal is the correct response. Submission grappling reference.
- Under the leg-over mount alias S-mount bottom — defending the high mount with one leg over the far arm. Armbar, mounted triangle, and kimura are all seconds away; defence must prevent arm extension and the fall-back.
- Under the shoulder choke alias Kata gatame bottom — defending head-and-arm control. Top player's shoulder driven into the neck with the defender's near arm trapped against their own throat; arm triangle is the primary finish.
- Under-chin choke alias Short choke — rear strangle using the under-chin arm path. Primary option when chin tuck blocks the rear naked choke. Submission grappling reference.
- Underhook butterfly sweep alias Butterfly hook sweep — underhook controls direction, hook elevates and tips the top player. Foundation of the butterfly system. Submission grappling reference.
- Underhook half alias Underhook half guard — offensive half guard with the underhook on the shoulder. Base for dogfight, lockdown, and sweeps. Submission grappling reference.
- Underhook Half Guard (Bottom) Underhook half guard — offensive half guard with the underhook on the shoulder. Base for dogfight, lockdown, and sweeps. Submission grappling reference.
- Upside down guard alias Inverted guard — the guard player's hips are elevated above the head, back toward the mat, feet pointing at the opponent's head. Primary entry to berimbolo back takes and outside heel hook sequences.
- Ura-nage alias The suplex lifts the opponent from a rear body lock and arches backward, throwing them overhead. A high-amplitude Greco-Roman throw with German, headlock, and belly-to-back variants.
- Ushiro X — Reverse X Guard Ushiro X is an inverted X-guard position in which the bottom player faces the same direction as the opponent. The inversion Submission grappling reference.
- Ushiro X Pass Ushiro X pass — deny the hip inversion, close the inside space, and defeat the cross ashi / back take dilemma from reverse X guard. Submission grappling reference.
- Ushiro-X alias Ushiro X is an inverted X-guard position in which the bottom player faces the same direction as the opponent. The inversion Submission grappling reference.
V
6- V-lock alias Americana — figure-four to the mat in external rotation. Inverse of the kimura. Primary submission from mount. Submission grappling reference.
- Valley drop alias Tani otoshi (valley drop) — one leg steps behind and between the opponent's legs; the attacker drops backward, pulling the upper body down while the blocking leg removes the opponent's base.
- Vertical ashi defence alias Standing passer against an opponent in a leg entanglement — ashi garami, outside ashi, cross ashi, 50/50. Stacking pressure, staying vertical, and countering leg-lock entries.
- Vertical passing context alias Standing passer against a seated guard player — butterfly, shin-on-shin, seated. Grip fighting, distance management, and preventing wrestle-ups. Submission grappling reference.
- Violin armlock alias Inverted armbar — attacks the elbow in supination with the arm rotated so the elbow faces upward; the attacker's chest or shoulder is the fulcrum. Entries from half guard top and closed guard top.
- Von Flue Choke The Von Flue choke is a counter submission applied when the opponent attempts an arm-in guillotine from the bottom. The top Submission grappling reference.
W
26- Waiter back take alias Deep half back take — when the opponent posts forward to defend the sweep, the bottom player converts to the back take. Submission grappling reference.
- Waiter Guard Pass Waiter guard pass — recover the far leg from the under-hook, deny the sweep and leg entanglement entries, and pass the deep half variant. Submission grappling reference.
- Waiter Position Waiter position — deep half guard variant; far leg underhook creates sweep leverage and back take entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Waiter position sweep alias Half waiter sweep — far leg lifted to remove the top player’s base, then hip escape to come on top. From waiter position. Submission grappling reference.
- Waiter Sweep Half waiter sweep — far leg lifted to remove the top player’s base, then hip escape to come on top. From waiter position. Submission grappling reference.
- Waiter sweep defence alias Waiter guard pass — recover the far leg from the under-hook, deny the sweep and leg entanglement entries, and pass the deep half variant. Submission grappling reference.
- Waiter sweep position alias Waiter position — deep half guard variant; far leg underhook creates sweep leverage and back take entries. Submission grappling reference.
- Waki gatame alias Wristlock — radiocarpal joint attack via hyperextension or deviation. Shorter injury window; restricted in beginner contexts. Submission grappling reference.
- Wheel choke escape alias Ezekiel choke escape (no-gi) — chin tuck before the insertion, peel the inserting arm's wrist, turn into the elbow side, bridge and recover. Submission grappling reference.
- Wide base half pass alias The split squat pass: a pressure-based half guard pass using a wide split stance to flatten the bottom player and grind through the guard.
- Williams Guard Williams guard uses an overhook around the opponent's head (meathook grip) from half guard or butterfly base, controlling posture and opening arm triangle, rear naked choke, and back take options.
- Williams guard counter alias Williams guard pass — strip the head control overhook, recover posture, and defeat the arm triangle and back take platform. Submission grappling reference.
- Williams Guard Pass Williams guard pass — strip the head control overhook, recover posture, and defeat the arm triangle and back take platform. Submission grappling reference.
- Wilson Pass alias The Tozi pass drops the near shoulder under a butterfly or X-guard hook, trapping it to the mat with body weight and passing over the trapped leg. Also known as Sao Paulo Pass and Wilson Pass.
- Woj Lock The Woj lock is a heel hook variant that prioritises rotational torque through a specific grip and hip extension combination. Submission grappling reference.
- Wojciechowski lock alias The Woj lock is a heel hook variant that prioritises rotational torque through a specific grip and hip extension combination. Submission grappling reference.
- World Choke alias The Japanese Necktie is a combined neck crank and compression choke from a turtle-top front headlock. The attacker's forearm compresses the throat while body position augments the cranking force.
- Wrestle-up alias Sit-out and stand-up mechanics — highest-priority exit in the scramble hierarchy. Technical execution from bottom positions. Submission grappling reference.
- Wrestling Up (Turtle Bottom) Wrestling up is the act of returning to a standing base from the turtle bottom position. It is the primary proactive escape Submission grappling reference.
- Wrestling up from all-fours alias Wrestling up is the act of returning to a standing base from the turtle bottom position. It is the primary proactive escape Submission grappling reference.
- Wrist Control alias Wrist ride — folkstyle base-disruption tool; pinning the opponent’s wrist to the mat exposes the back and prevents recovery. Submission grappling reference.
- Wrist crank alias Wristlock — radiocarpal joint attack via hyperextension or deviation. Shorter injury window; restricted in beginner contexts. Submission grappling reference.
- Wrist Ride Wrist ride — folkstyle base-disruption tool; pinning the opponent’s wrist to the mat exposes the back and prevents recovery. Submission grappling reference.
- Wrist twist alias Wristlock — radiocarpal joint attack via hyperextension or deviation. Shorter injury window; restricted in beginner contexts. Submission grappling reference.
- Wrist-and-tricep drag alias Arm drag — opponent’s arm used as a handle to redirect their body; pulling across the centreline exposes the back. Submission grappling reference.
- Wristlock Wristlock — radiocarpal joint attack via hyperextension or deviation. Shorter injury window; restricted in beginner contexts. Submission grappling reference.
X
7- X tilt alias The X-guard tilt sweep in no-gi: from X-guard, elevate the captured leg and tilt the opponent to either the near or far side. Submission grappling reference.
- X-Guard X-guard controls one of the standing opponent's legs with both of the bottom player's legs in an X configuration. Hip elevation Submission grappling reference.
- X-guard back entry alias The X-guard back take in no-gi: from X-guard, turn the opponent and thread behind to take the back rather than sweeping. Used Submission grappling reference.
- X-Guard Back Take The X-guard back take in no-gi: from X-guard, turn the opponent and thread behind to take the back rather than sweeping. Used Submission grappling reference.
- X-guard corkscrew alias The X-guard tilt sweep in no-gi: from X-guard, elevate the captured leg and tilt the opponent to either the near or far side. Submission grappling reference.
- X-guard heist alias Heist sweep — from X-guard; hip-under entry and leg-lift finish disrupts the opponent’s base. Submission grappling reference.
- X-Guard Tilt Sweep The X-guard tilt sweep in no-gi: from X-guard, elevate the captured leg and tilt the opponent to either the near or far side. Submission grappling reference.
Y
4- Yoko sankaku alias Side triangle — triangle from a lateral position. Hip drive is lateral. Available from side control and north-south. Submission grappling reference.
- Yoko shiho gatame escape alias Side control escape techniques — hip escape, ghost escape, Granby roll, single leg escape, underhook recovery. Submission grappling reference.
- Yoko-otoshi alias The lateral drop drops the practitioner to the side while pulling the opponent's upper body across, throwing them over the dropping body. Applied from body locks, underhooks, and collar ties.
- Yotsubai escape alias Turtle escape techniques — Granby roll, sit-out, switch, Peterson roll, hip heist. Transitional position exit. Submission grappling reference.
Z
5- Z-Guard / Knee Shield Z-guard (knee shield) — elevated knee frame against the hip; underhook battle and exits to scorpion, butterfly, back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Z-guard break alias Knee shield break — neutralise the Z-guard / half-guard shield by crushing, stepping over, or pummelling under the blocking knee. Required for passing any shield-style half guard.
- Z-guard half alias Z-guard (knee shield) — elevated knee frame against the hip; underhook battle and exits to scorpion, butterfly, back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Z-half alias Z-guard (knee shield) — elevated knee frame against the hip; underhook battle and exits to scorpion, butterfly, back takes. Submission grappling reference.
- Z-Lock The Z-lock is a hip submission — the only submission in the lower limb system that targets the hip joint rather than the knee Submission grappling reference.
#
12- 100 kilos alias Side control — chest-to-chest pin after a guard pass. Primary platform for kimura, arm triangle, D’Arce, and transitions. Submission grappling reference.
- 10th Planet half guard alias Lockdown — half guard with the top leg in a figure-four. Controls mobility; foundation of dogfight and electric chair. Submission grappling reference.
- 2-on-1 grip alias Russian tie — two hands on one arm; superior arm control for single leg, double leg, ankle pick, and arm drag entries. Submission grappling reference.
- 3/4 Armbar The 3/4 armbar is the bent-arm counter to the standard armbar — entered when the opponent bends their arm to defend. Rather Submission grappling reference.
- 4/11 alias Cross ashi garami — inside heel hook position: saddle, inside sankaku, honey hole. Hardest to escape; shortest injury timeline. Submission grappling reference.
- 45-degree mount alias Quarter mount — top position at 45 degrees between side control and mount. Natural intermediate in the mount entry sequence. Submission grappling reference.
- 45-degree mount defence alias Quarter mount bottom — defending the 45-degree transitional mount before it consolidates to flat mount or converts to kimura. The defensive window is short; the framing elbow is your only tool.
- 50/50 The 50/50 is the symmetric leg entanglement — both players have equal structural access to each other's heel. Understanding Submission grappling reference.
- 50/50 Guard alias The 50/50 is the symmetric leg entanglement — both players have equal structural access to each other's heel. Understanding Submission grappling reference.
- 70/30 70/30 (80/20) — asymmetric leg entanglement where one player controls a larger share of the leg, creating heel hook advantage. Submission grappling reference.
- 8 o’clock pin escape alias North-south escape techniques — hip escape, Granby roll to deep half, arm drag counter, sit-up scramble. Early movement is key. Submission grappling reference.
- 80/20 alias 70/30 (80/20) — asymmetric leg entanglement where one player controls a larger share of the leg, creating heel hook advantage. Submission grappling reference.
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